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Fund. of Language
The role of pragmatics, phonology, morphology, and the alphabetic principles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pragmatics | Pragmatics studies how context helps us decipher the meaning of words. Pragmatics looks at the interconnection between language, meaning, and the social and cultural context of the communicators. |
| Pragmatics are studied to explore the context of the meaning of words. What is an example of this? | You can tell someone to “close the door” smiling or frowning, and that context will signal a particular meaning to the other person. Contexts of cultural differences and power relations can create ambiguity in communication. |
| Phonology | Phonology/phonetics is the study of a language’s sound system and how sounds convey meaning. Phonemes help us distinguish differences in the meaning of words. |
| When looking at the difference of ball and hall, what are we studying? | Phonology, the words ball and hall mean different things because the phonemes /b/ and /h/ signal that these are two different words, even though they both end in all. |
| Phonological Awareness | Phonological awareness (or phonemic awareness) refers to the understanding that words are built upon sounds and that sounds can be combined to form words. Phonological development begins with the easiest skill, identifying the first sound in a word. |
| Phonological Awareness: Rhyming | Used by teachers to promote phonological development, Listening to rhymes helps children identify sounds and common word patterns. Children learn to hear the similarities and differences in word sounds. |
| Phonological Awareness: Segmenting | Used by teachers to promote phonological development, Breaking down a word into separate sounds helps children divide words into phonemes. |
| Phonological Awareness: Blending | Used by teachers to promote phonological development, Once children learn to segment words, they can then recombine the individual phonemes into smooth-flowing words. |
| Morphology | Morphology is the study of morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning in a language. Morphemes may or may not stand alone, and all words are composed of one or more morphemes. |
| What is the meaning of payment?(find the morphemes and combine) | Pay is a morpheme—a meaningful unit—that can stand alone as a word, but -ment, a suffix meaning an action or product, is a morpheme that cannot stand alone. Together, these two morphemes build the meaning refering to a product that results from an action. |
| The Alphabetic Principle | The alphabetic principle refers to the relationship between symbols and sounds. Letters in an alphabet are symbols that represent the sounds in a language. Teachers should be aware of cultural differences that come into play regarding symbols and sounds. |
| Grapheme | The term grapheme refers to the alphabetic unit that represents a single phoneme. |
| How many letters and how many sounds does the English language have? | English has an especially complex relationship between symbols and sounds, since the English alphabet has 26 letters but the English language has 40 sounds. This means that some sounds must be represented by more than one letter. |
| What is an example of the graphemes ph and gh have relation?(one word for each but rhyme) | An example is the graphemes ph and gh, which both represent the phoneme /f/, as in graph and laugh. Mastering the alphabetic principle, the relationship between letters and sounds, is a major step to reading competency. |
Created by:
arielhill
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