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BIO 161
Exam 2: Nervous System- Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of Satellite cells and Schwann cells in the CNS: | Form myelin and surround the PNS |
| Function of Astrocytes in the CNS: | Most abundant cells |
| Function of Ependymal cells in the CNS: | Line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities |
| Function of microglial cells in the CNS: | Defense |
| Function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS: | Form myelin sheaths around CNS nerve fibers |
| Function and process of myelination: | lipids wrap around the axons and insulate regions of nerve fiber to increase the speed of signaling |
| Function of Sensory Neurons: | Afferent Carry information TO the CNS |
| Function of Motor Neurons: | Efferent Carry information AWAY from the CNS to the body |
| Function of Interneurons: | analyze information *only in the CNS |
| When are non-gated ion channels open/ important? | always open to some degree important when the neuron is at rest |
| When are gated ion channels open/ important? | Only open when needed important when neuron is sending signals |
| Flow of concentration gradient ion channels: | travel low to high concentration |
| Flow of electrical gradient ion channels: | travels with less resistance to region of opposite charge |
| Membrane potential definition: | charge difference across the membrane that is determined by the ions separated by the plasma membrane |
| What is the cells charge when at a resting membrane potential? | -70mV More negative inside the cell |
| Why is the resting membrane potential of a cell not greater? | more K+ leaks out of cell than Na+ leaks in, so overall charge is negative |
| The cell membrane is ________ to anionic proteins | impermeable |
| The cell membrane is ________ to Na+ | slightly permeable |
| The cell membrane is ________ to K+ | mostly permeable |
| How is the membrane potential affected by depolarization of the cell? | membrane potential becomes more positive |
| How is the membrane potential affected by hyper-polarization of the cell? | membrane potential becomes more negative |
| How does depolarization of the cell affect neuron activity? | activates neurons |
| How does hyper-polarization of the cell affect neuron activity? | silences neurons |
| What is the role of Na+ channels during an action potential? | depolarization open/ rushes inside the cell |
| What is the role of K+ channels during an action potential? | repolarization open/ rushes outside of the cell |
| What is the role of the Na+/K+ pump during an action potential? | maintain the concentration gradients |
| Where does Na+ enter during the action potential? | Dendrite (Na+ is from stimulus) |
| What starts the graded potential during an action potential? | Na+ diffuses into the cell, around cell body, to axon hillock |
| What is the action potential Threshold? | -55mV |
| What starts the action potential? | When axon hillock reaches threshold, Na+ voltage gated channels open on the axon |
| When is the Na+ voltage channel inactivated during an action potential? | When neuron has been depolarized to +30mV |
| When is the Na+ voltage channel activated during an action potential? | When neuron has been depolarized to +30mV, K+ repolarizes the neuron to -70mV |
| What is the purpose of the refractory period during an action potential? | to keep the action potential moving in the correct direction inactivation gate closed/ activation gate open |
| How does the action potential initiate the synapse? | Action potential opens the Ca++ voltage gated channels |
| Where does the synaptic vesicle fuse during synapse? | presynaptic membrane |
| What carries the neurotransmitters during synapse? | synaptic vesicles |
| Synaptic vesicles release the Neurotransmitters into the ____ | synapatic cleft |
| Neurotransmitters enter via ______ channels | ligand gated ion channels |
| What does the EPSP do? | starts another action potential |
| What does the IPSP do? | inhibits another action potential |
| What happens during the Re-Uptake of neurotransmitters? | NTs are returned to presynaptic neuron via re-uptake channels |
| What happens during the enzyme degradation of neurotransmitters? | NTs are degraded by enzymes in the synaptic cleft |
| What happens during the diffusion of neurotransmitters? | NTs diffuse away and are eliminated by immune cells |
Created by:
reganbobo15
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