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Ch 19

Neurotransmitter

TermDefinition
Acetylcholine (ACh) (Class 1) (Junctions with motor effectors (muscles, glands); many parts of brain) Excitatory or inhibitory; involved in memory
Serotonin (5-HT†) (Class II: Amines (derived from amino acids) Several regions of the CNS Mostly inhibitory; involved in moods and emotions, sleep
Histamine (Class II: Amines (derived from amino acids) (Brain) Mostly excitatory; involved in emotions and regulation of body temperature and water balance
Dopamine (DA) (Catecholamines (contain a catechol ring and one amino group) (Brain; autonomic system ) Mostly inhibitory; involved in emotions and moods and in regulating motor control
Epinephrine (Epi) (Catecholamines (contain a catechol ring and one amino group) (Several areas of the CNS and in the sympathetic division of the ANS) Excitatory or inhibitory; acts as a hormone when secreted by sympathetic neurosecretory cells of the adrenal gland
Norepinephrine (NE) (Catecholamines (contain a catechol ring and one amino group) (Several areas of the CNS and in the sympathetic division of the ANS) excitatory or inhibitory; regulates sympathetic effectors; in brain, involved in emotional responses
Glutamate (glutamic acid, Glu) (Class III: Amino Acids (contain an amine group, carboxylic acid group, and a specific R group) (CNS) Excitatory; most common excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (Class III: Amino Acids (contain an amine group, carboxylic acid group, and a specific R group) (Brain) Inhibitory; common inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain
Glycine (Gly) (Class III: Amino Acids (contain an amine group, carboxylic acid group, and a specific R group) (Spinal cord) Inhibitory; common inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord
Nitric oxide (NO) (Class IV: Other Small Molecules) (Several regions of the nervous system) May be a signal from postsynaptic to presynaptic neuron
(Purines (contain adenine, a double-ring purine structure) (Autonomic ganglia, brain) Regulation of autonomic signaling; regulates nerve repair; glia-neuron communication
(Purines (contain adenine, a double-ring purine structure) (Brain) May be involved in regulating sleep
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (Large-Molecule Transmitters /Neuropeptides (chains of amino acids) (Brain; some ANS and sensory fibers; retina; gastrointestinal tract) Function in nervous system uncertain
Cholecystokinin (CCK) (Large-Molecule Transmitters /Neuropeptides (chains of amino acids) (Brain; retina) May be involved in memory, learning, mood
Substance P (Large-Molecule Transmitters /Neuropeptides (chains of amino acids) (Brain, spinal cord, sensory pain pathways; gastrointestinal tract) Mostly excitatory; transmits pain information
Enkephalins (Large-Molecule Transmitters /Neuropeptides (chains of amino acids) (Several CNS regions; retina; intestinal tract) Mostly inhibitory; opioids that modulate pain
Endorphins (Large-Molecule Transmitters /Neuropeptides (chains of amino acids) (Several CNS regions; retina; intestinal tract) Mostly inhibitory; opioids that modulate pain
Dynorphins (Large-Molecule Transmitters /Neuropeptides (chains of amino acids) Several CNS regions Mostly inhibitory; opioids that modulate pain
Neuropeptide Y (NPY (Large-Molecule Transmitters /Neuropeptides (chains of amino acids) Brain, some ANS fibers Variety of functions including enhancing blood vessel constriction by ANS, regulation of energy balance, learning, and memory
Created by: user-1794917
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