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A&P Lecture 2
Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter is made up of= | Atoms! |
| Atoms combined together form= | Chemicals with different structures |
| Examples of matter (3) | -Solids -Liquids -Gases |
| Subatomic Particles of an atom (3)= | -Protons (+) 1 mass unit -Neutrons 1 mass unit -Electrons (-) 0 mass unit |
| Important equations: | Atomic #=Protons (+) Atomic Mass #= Protons(+) + Neutrons + Electrons(-) |
| The Nucleus holds: | -Protons(+) -Neutrons |
| The Electron cloud holds: | -Electrons(-) |
| Electron shells: | 1st shell = 2 electrons 2nd shell = 8 electrons 3rd shell = 8 (18) electrons |
| the 3rd electron shell is also called: | The Valence shell ! |
| An Inert atom is: | calm; filled; doesn't react easily |
| A Reactive atom is: | Reactive; unfilled; reacts easily |
| Ionic Bonds= | Give away atoms Accept atoms |
| An ion is: | An atom with an electrical charge |
| Cation= | Losses an electron and becomes (+) positively charged |
| Anion= | Gains an electron and becomes (-) negatively charged |
| Covalent Bonds= | Sharing of electrons to fill electron shell (*Co=together*) |
| Single covalent Bond: Double covalent Bond: Triple covalent Bond: | -1 pair of electrons shared -2 pairs of electrons shared -3 pairs of electrons shared |
| A Nonpolar covalent Bond= | Has an equal share and equal pull between electrons |
| A Polar covalent Bond= | an unequal share and pull between electrons |
| Different names for water: | -Aqua -Solvent -H2O |
| Water is ____ % of all body weight= | 75% or 2/3 |
| Chemical Properties of water (4): | 1) solubility 2)lubrication 3)high heat capacity 4) reactivity |
| Solubility (solute): | Molecules dissolve in water |
| Lubrication: | low friction between water molecules |
| Reactivity: | Chemical reactions take place in water |
| High Heat Capacity: | High amount of energy to raise temp of water |
| In Salt water, what is the solvent ? what is the solute? | Solvent=water Solute=salt |
| Hydrogen Bonds form between ______ molecules: | weak Water (h2o) |
| Energy is: | Putting matter into motion |
| work is: | The transfer of energy |
| 2 General forms of energy: | 1)Potential energy 2) Kinetic energy |
| Potential energy= | -Is stored -Stays still; doesn't move |
| Kinetic energy= | -Released -Moves to do work |
| 3 forms of energy in human body: | 1) Chemical energy 2) Mechanical energy 3) Electrical energy |
| Chemical energy= | Happens between bonds in atoms |
| Mechanical energy= | Happens between one object to another object |
| Electrical energy= | Generated by charged particles |
| Chemical reactions (3)= | 1) Decomposition or catabolism reaction 2) Synthesis or anabolism reaction 3) Biochemical reaction |
| Decomposition /Catabolic Reaction= | Decomposes chemical bonds and release energy while doing so. Decompose=Break down Exergonic reaction= Exit/Release of energy AB--->A+B (chewing food) |
| Synthesis/Anabolic Reaction= | Come together=Form chemical bonds Endergonic reaction = putting energy into A+B--->AB (sun into plant) |
| Biochemical reaction= | Happens within a cell Requires activation energy and enzymes |
| Activation energy is= | -The amount of energy needed to begin a reaction |
| Enzymes= | - are a protein catalyst -lower activation energy -speeds up chemical reaction |
| pH equation: | pH=-Log[H+] smaller the pH, bigger the -Log exponential by 10x |
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jameesha1
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