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Append. Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton: The Bones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What bones make up the pectoral girdle? | Scapula and clavicle |
| What are the bones of the upper limbs? | Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges |
| What bones make up the pelvic girdle? | Coxal bones (fused ilium, ischium, pubis) |
| What are the bones of the lower limbs? | Femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges |
| What is the function of the appendicular skeleton? | Movement (locomotion and manipulation) |
| What type of bone is the scapula? | Flat |
| How does the scapula move? | Freely |
| How is the scapula attached? | Only by muscles are to bony thorax |
| What type of bone is the clavicle? | Curved, long, very weak |
| What does the clavicle act as? | An anchor for muscles, brace for bones |
| What does the clavicle do? | Transmits forces to axial skeleton, breaks outwardly to protect subclavian artery |
| What is the clavicle sensitive to? | Muscle pull |
| What is the last bone to stop growing and when does it stop? | Clavicle, at about 25 |
| What type of bone is the humerus? | Typical long bone |
| Where does the humerus articulate at? | With scapula at shoulder, ulna and radius at elbow |
| What does the head of the humerus fit into? | Glenoid cavity |
| What is the ulna slightly longer than? | The radius |
| What does the ulna form? | Elbow joint with humerus (u-shaped) |
| What forms the elbow point? | Olecranon |
| Where is the ulna located (think fingers)? | The pinkie side |
| What happens when you pronate? | Radius and ulna cross over each other (make an x) |
| What does the radius have? | A round head |
| What happens when the radius moves, what happens? | The hand moves with it |
| What is Colle’s fracture? | Distal end of radius, common when falling person tries to break fall with outstretched hands |
| Where is the radius located (think fingers)? | Thumb side |
| What is the pollex? | Thumb (2 phalanges) |
| How many bones do the other phalanges have? | 3 (distal, middle, proximal) |
| How many phalanges are there in total? | 14 |
| How many metacarpals are there? | 5 |
| What are carpals and how many are there? | Wrist bones, 8 |
| What are all the carpals? | hamate, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrul, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate |
| What is the acronym to remember the carpals? | Sally Left The Party To Take Cathy Home |
| What is the pelvic girdle? | Coxal or hip bones, strongly attached and supported (strongest ligaments are here) |
| What does the pelvic girdle attach through? | Lower limbs to axial skeleton |
| What does the pelvic girdle support? | Visceral organs to pelvis |
| What does the pelvic girdle protect? | Visceral organs |
| What is the bony pelvis? | Coxal bones, sacrum, coccyx |
| What is an acetabulum? | Hip socket of head of femur |
| What type of joint are hip joints? | Ball and socket joint |
| What do you sit on? | Ischial tuberosity |
| How does the tilt of the pelvis compare in males and females? | Male: straighter Female: forward |
| How does bone thickness of the pelvis compare in males and females? | Male: thicker/ marked Female: thinner/ smoother |
| How does the acetabula of the pelvis compare in male and female? | Male: larger/ closer Female: smaller/ farther apart |
| How does the pubic angle of the pelvis compare in males and females? | Male: 50 to 60 degrees Female: 80 to 90 degrees |
| How does the sacrum compare in males and females? | Male: narrow, larger Female: wider, more curved |
| How does the coccyx in males and females compare? | Male: curves Females: straighter/ moves |
| How does the pelvic outlet in males and females compare? | Male: narrow, heart Female: wide/ oval |
| What is the femur? | Thigh bone, largest, longest bone in the body |
| What does the head of the femur fit into? | Acetabulum |
| What are trochanters? | Unique to femurs, buttock and thigh muscle attachment |
| What is the patella? | Sesamoid bone in tendon |
| What does the patella protect? | Anterior knee joint |
| What does the patella provide? | More leverage for thigh muscles |
| What did the tibia do? | Transmits weight of the body from femur to foot |
| What is the second only to the femur in size and strength? | Tibia |
| What is the fibula? | Sticklike bone |
| What bone bears little weight (maybe 17%)? | Fibula |
| What originates from the fibula? | Muscles |
| What is the Pott’s fracture? | When distal end of fibula, tibia, or both fracture (common sports fracture) |
| What is the hallux and how many phalanges does it have? | Big toe, 2 |
| How many phalanges does the feet have in total? | 14 |
| What are the metatarsals? | 1 (hallux) to 5 |
| What is the tarus? | Ankle (7 tarsals) |
| What is the heel bone? | Calcaneus |
| What are all the tarsal bones? | Talus, calcaneus, navicular, the medial, intermediate, and lateral cunieforms, and cuboid |
| What is the acronym to remember the tarsals:? | Tall Camels Never Consume 3 Cubes |
| When can segmented structures can hold weight? | Only when they’re arched |
| What is the keystone? | Wedge shaped piece that locks everything in place |
| Your ____ is segmented and has ______ | Foot, arches |
| How many arches are in your foot and what are they? | . 2 longitudinal (medial & lateral) . 1 transverse |
| How do the arches bear weight? | . 1/2 to heel . 1/2 to heads of metatarsal bones |
| When do strong ligaments and pull of tendons occur? | During muscle activity hold arches in place |
| What do the arches do? | Spring back into shape |
| What are fallen arches? | Flat feet (strain of ligaments and tendons) |
| Where is the medial longitudinal arch? | Talus bone |
| Where is the lateral longitudinal arch? | Cuboid bone |
| Where is the transverse arch? | Intermediate cuneiform |
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