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Ch 4: Notes

Managing and troubleshooting PCs 7th

TermNotes
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is the main system memory for CPUs because they have a constant electrical charge and has a periodic refresh of the circuits.
Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) is still DRAM but this type is tied to the clock so the CPU and Mac know when to grab the data from the SDRAM.
Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) The early version of SDRAM with a common pin size of 168 pins found in desktops.
Small Outline DIMM (SO-DIMM) Typically found in laptops or small form factors.
Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM) A proprietary memory solution developed by Rambus, doubling throughput of SDRAM by making two processes for every clock cycle.
(RDRAM) RDRAM is more expensive and less popular than its predecessor DDR3. DDR3 has higher speeds, a more efficient architecture, and around 30 percent lower power consumption than RDRAM.
DDR3 uses 240-pin DIMMs, so it will be difficult to put the wrong RAM in the system.
DDR4 Offers higher density and lower voltages than DDR3 and handles faster data transfer rates.
GDDR5 Again, GDDR5 boasts the potential for double bandwidth, decreased power consumption, and significantly improved DIMM capacity.
Single-sided RAM Single-sided sticks have chips on only one side.
Double-sided RAM Has chips on both sides. Basically two sticks of RAM soldered onto one board. Most RAM is single-sided.
Latency The delay in RAM's response time. It refers to clock cycle delays.
Error Correction Code RAM (ECC RAM) is a special type of RAM used for systems that need to watch for RAM errors. This type of RAM is slower than non-ECC RAM and is not common.
Registered/Buffered RAM This goes with ECC RAM and refers to a small register installed on some memory modules to act as a buffer between the DIMM and memory controller. It is mostly used in servers and big professional workstations.
Unbuffered RAM Typical consumer RAM.
Virtual Memory When the computer uses a portion of the hard drive (or SSD) as an extension of system RAM.
Disk thrashing Is hard disk activity overloading due to insufficient RAM. An indicator for this is the hard drive access LED going crazy.
Serial Presence Detect (SPD) A chip installed in modern DIMMs that tells the system all the information about the RAM, such as size, speed, ECC or non-ECC, etc.
Non-maskable interrupt (NMI) A panic button inside the PC that the CPU cannot ignore. The operating system has to shut down certain functions before it can save data.
Proprietary Crash Screen What the NMI manifests as.
Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) A crash screen that is bright blue with a scary (sounding) message.
Spinning Pinwheel of Death (SPoD) Is the Mac OS version of the BSOD.
Created by: user-1784111
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