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CHAPTER 1

Anatomy and Physiology

TermDefinition
What do anatomical terms describe? Body positions.
What is the anatomical position? The reference position anatomists and people in the medical field use to describe the location of body parts or regions.
Anatomical Position The body is erect (vertical) and facing forward; the arms are straight and at the sides of the body with the palms facing forward; the legs are straight with the feet facing forward and flat.
Supine Position The body is horizontal and lying on the back.
Prone position The body is horizontal and lying on the stomach.
What does the head consist of? The skull, the face, and the neck.
What are the parts of the skull? Cranial and facial bones.
What are the parts of the face? Anterior portion of the bead comprised of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and chin.
What are the parts of the neck? Connects the head to the trunk.
What does the trunk consist of? The chest, the abdomen, the pelvis, and the back.
What are the parts of the chest? Area between neck and diaphragm that contains the heart and lungs.
What are the parts of the abdomen? Area between the diaphragm and hip bones that contains digestive organs.
What are the parts of the pelvis? Area below the abdomen that contains internal reproductive organs and urinary bladder.
What are the parts of the back? Posterior portion of trunk between neck and buttocks).
What does the upper limb consist of? The shoulder, the arm, the forearm, and the hand.
What are the parts of the shoulder? Curved area where arm attaches to upper border of trunk.
What are the parts of the arm? Area between shoulder and elbow.
What are the parts of the forearm? Area between elbow and wrist.
What are the parts of the hand? Wrist, palms, and fingers.
What does the lower limb consist of? The buttocks, the groin, the thigh, the leg, and the foot.
What are the parts of the buttock? Rounded area in posterior surface where thigh attaches to trunk.
What are the parts of the groin? Area on anterior surface where lower limb attaches to pelvis.
What are the parts of the thigh? Area of lower limb between the groin anteriorly, buttocks posteriorly, and knee.
What are the parts of the leg? Area of lower limb between knee abdomens.
What are the parts of the foot? Includes ale, sole, toes.
What does the prefix ante- mean? Before or in front of.
What does the root word cubit- mean? Elbow.
What does the suffix -al mean? Pertaining to.
What do the suffixes -al, -ic, -ar, and ary mean? Pertaining to.
What does the root word stern- mean? Chest.
Axial Pertaining to the central part of the body, the head and trunk.
Cephalic Pertaining to the head.
Cranial Pertaining to the portion of the skull surrounding the brain,
Facial Pertaining to the face.
Frontal Pertaining to the forehead.
Orbital Pertaining to the eye.
Otic Pertaining to the ear.
Nasal Pertaining to the nose.
Buccal Pertaining to the cheek.
Oral Pertaining to the mouth.
Mental Pertaining to the chin.
Occipital Pertaining to the back of head.
Cervical Pertaining to the neck.
Thoracic Pertaining to the chest.
Sternal Pertaining to the breastbone.
Pectoral Pertaining to the chest.
Mammary Pertaining to the breast.
Abdominal Pertaining to the abdomen.
Umbilical Pertaining to the navel.
Coxal Pertaining to the hip.
Pelvic Pertaining to the pelvis.
Pubic Pertaining to the genital area.
Dorsal Pertaining to the back.
Scapular Pertaining to the shoulder blade region.
Vertebral Pertaining to the spinal column.
Lumbar Pertaining to the area of the back between the lowest rib and buttocks.
Appendicular Pertaining to the extremities or limbs.
Acromial Pertaining to the highest point of the shoulder.
Axillary Pertaining to the armpit.
Brachial Pertaining to the arm.
Antecubital Pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the elbow.
Olecranal Pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the elbow.
Antebrachial Pertaining to the forearm.
Carpal Pertaining to the wrist.
Manual Pertaining to the hand.
Palmar Pertaining to the palm of the hand.
Digital Pertaining to the digits (fingers).
Inguinal Pertaining to the groin where the thigh attaches to the pelvis.
Gluteal Pertaining to the buttocks.
Femoral Pertaining to the thigh.
Patellar Pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the knee.
Popliteal Pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the knee.
Crural Pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the leg.
Fibular Pertaining to the lateral side of the leg.
Sural Pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the leg.
Tarsal Pertaining to the ankle.
Pedal Pertaining to the foot.
Plantar Pertaining to the sole or foot.
Calcaneal Pertaining to the heel.
Digital Pertaining to the digits (toes).
What are directional terms used for? To describe the location of body structures relative to other structures.
Superior Above.
Inferior Below.
Anterior (Ventral) Closer to front of body.
Posterior (Dorsal) Closer to back of body.
Medial Closer to midline of body.
Lateral Farther from midline of body.
Intermediate Between two structures.
Ipsilateral On same side of body.
Contralateral On opposite sides of body.
Proximal Nearer to the point if attachment of limb to trunk or nearer to the origin of the structure.
Distal Farther from the point if attachment of limb to trunk or nearer to the origin of the structure.
Superficial Closer to the surface of the body.
Deep Farther from the surface of the body.
Sections The exposed surfaces produced by planes.
Sagittal Planes Pass vertically through the body or organs and divide them into left and right sections.
Sagittal Sections Left and right sections.
Midsagittal Plane Plane passes vertically through the midline and divides the body into equal right and left halves.
Parasagittal Plane Planes divides the body into unequal right and left portions.
Frontal or Coronal Plane Passes vertically through the body or organs and produces anterior and posterior sections.
Traverse Planes Passes horizontally through the body and produces superior and inferior sections.
Oblique Planes Pass through the body at an angle forming oblique sections.
Longitudinal Sections Sections that are produced by a plane running along the long axis of a long narrow structure.
Cross-Sections Sections that are produced by a plane running perpendicular to the long axis.
Created by: graciesaltzman16
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