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Computer Final SG
computer science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Executes instructions of a computer program, performs arithmetic, and logical operations. | Central Processing Unit (CPU) |
| Connects and provides communication between all hardware components. | Motherboard |
| Temporarily stores data that the CPU is currently working on. | Random Access Memory (RAM) |
| Store data, programs, and the operating system. | Storage Devices |
| Specialized hardware designed to handle graphical computations. | Graphics Processing Units (GPU) |
| Converts electricity from the outlet into a form that the computer can use. | Power Supply Unit (PSU) |
| Keeps the temperature of various components within safe operating limits. | Cooling System |
| Adds extra functionality to the computer through specialized hardware. | Expansion Cards |
| Basic Input and output system/ unified extensible firmware Interface. Firmware that initializes hardware during the boot up process. | BIOS/UEFI |
| Connects the computer to a network, enabling communication with the other devices. | Network Interface Controller (NIC) |
| Manages audio input and output. | Sound Card |
| Allows interaction with the computer. | Input/Output Devices |
| A collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, and other devices connected to one another for sharing data and resources. | Network |
| Any device connected to a network. | Node |
| A unit of data sent across a network. | Packet |
| The arrangement of a network, including its nodes and connecting lines. | Topology |
| A network covering a small geographical area, like a home, office, or building. | LAN (local area network) |
| A technique for delivering DC power to devices over copper ethernet cabling. | PoE(Power over Ethernet) |
| A network covering a broader area, such as a city, country, or even global connections. | WAN (wide area network) |
| A network for personal devices, often extending only to the reach of a person, e.g., connecting a smartphone to a laptop via Bluetooth. | PAN (personal area network) |
| A technology allowing devices to connect to a wireless LAN network segment. | Wi-Fi |
| A device that connects multiple ethernet devices, making the act as a single network segment. | Hub |
| A networking device that connects devices within LAN and uses MAC addresses to forward data to the correct destination. | Switch |
| A device that routes data between different networks,typically between a home network and the internet. | Router |
| A service that allows you to create a secure connection over the public internet to private networks at a remote location. | VPN ( virtual private network ) |
| A unique string of numbers and/or letters separated by periods or colons, used to identify each device connected to a network. | IP Address |
| A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment. | MAC ( media access control )Address |
| The name of a wi-fi network. | SSID ( service set identifier ) |
| An outdated and insecure method of securing wi-fi networks. | WEP ( wired equivalent privacy ) |
| A security protocol to secure Wi-Fi networks; has seen multiple iterations. | WPA ( Wi-Fi Protected Access ) |
| A common type of network cable used for wired networks. | Ethernet Cables |
| Categories of ethernet cables, differing in performance and capabilities. | Cat 5, Cat 5e, Cat 6 |
| Pairs of wires twisted together in an ethernet cable, helping to reduce interference. | Twisted pairs |
| A type of connector commonly used for ethernet networking. | RJ-45 |
| To connect traditional PSTN telephone networks. | RJ-11 |
| Networking tool that decides whether to allow incoming and outgoing network traffic and decides whether to block it. | Firewall |
| The software that manages a computer's hardware, software resources, and provides services for computer programs. | Operating System (OS) |
| Physical components of a computer, such as CPU, RAM, hard disk, etc. | Hardware |
| Set of instructions or data that operates the hardware, including both system software like an OS application software like web browsers. | Software |
| A program in execution. processes are how tasks are run on the computer. | Process |
| The process by which an OS manages the primary memory-allocating space when processes need it and reclaiming space when they're done. | Memory Management |
| The structure an OS uses to name, store, and organize files on a disk. | File System |
| The space where interactions between humans and computers occur. can be graphical (GUI) or command-line (CLI). | User Interface (UI) |
| The ability of an OS to run more than one task(also known as a process) at a time | Multitasking |
| The process that occurs when you start up a computer, the OS loads into memory so that it can begin operating. | Booting |
| software that lets the OS communicate with hardware devices, like printers or graphics cards. | Device Driver |
| A user interface where the user interacts with the computer by typing commands. | Command-Line Interface (CLI) |
| A user interface that allows users to interact with devices through graphical elements such as icons and windows | Graphical User Interface (GUI) |
| In computing, the process identifier is a number used by most operating system kernels—such as those of Unix, macOS and Windows—to uniquely identify an active process. | Process ID (PID) |
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vanostrantaylor
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