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JessicaT
Human Physiology Week 7-13
| Answer | Question |
|---|---|
| Mitotic cell division | The process of organizing and distributing nuclear DNA during cell division; has four distinct phases |
| Prophase | After the cell has prepared for reproduction during interphase, the nuclear envelope falls apart as the chromatids coil up to form chro-mosomes that are joined at the centromere . |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes align along a middle “equatorial” plane, with one chromatid of each chromosome facing its respective pole. Each chromatid attaches to a spindle fib |
| Anaphase | The centromere of each chromosome splits to form two chromo-somes, each consisting of a single DNA molecule. Each chromosome is pulled toward the nearest pole to form two separate, but identical, pools of genetic information |
| Telophase | DNA returns to its original form and location within the cell. After completion of telophase, each daughter cell begins interphase to develop into a mature cell. |
| Interphase | Newly formed cells produce a variety of molecules and other structures necessary for growth by using the information contained in the genes of DNA molecules |
| Gene | A segment of a DNA molecule that consists of up to several thousand pairs of nucleotides and contains the code for synthesizing one RNA molecule, which then may be translated into one polypeptide. |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells that perform a common function. |
| Epithelial tissue | covers and protects the body surface, lines body cavities, specializes in moving substances into and out of the body or particular organs (secretion, excretion, and absorption), and forms many glands. |
| Connective Tissue | functions to support the body and its parts, connect and hold them together, transport substances through the body, and protect it from foreign invaders. |
| Muscle tissue | produces movement; it moves the body and its parts. |
| Nervous Tissue | may be the most complex tissue in the body. It specializes in communication among the various parts of the body and in integration of their activities. |
| Elastin | is a rubbery substance that is held in a fibrous shape by long, thin microfilaments |
| Proteoglycans | are hybrid molecules made up mostly of carbohy-drates attached to a protein backbone |
| Primary germ layers and Histogenesis | Embryonic development of tissues |
| Histogenesis | the process of the primary germ layers differentiating into different kinds of tissue |
| a. Endoderm b. Mesoderm c. Ectoderm | Primary germ layers |
| Holocrine glands | Such as the sebaceous glands that produce oil to lubricate the skin—collect their secretory product inside the cell and then rupture completely to release it. These cells literally self-destruct to complete their function. |
| Merocrine glands | discharge their secretion product directly through the cell or plasma membrane. This discharge process is completed without injury to the plasma membrane and without loss of cytoplasm. |
| Fascia | general name for the fibrous connective tissue masses that can be seen by the unaided eye in many locations throughout the body |
| Compact bone Cancellous (spongy) bone | Types of Bone Tissue |
| Compact bone | is found forming most of the hard shell of a bone. |
| Cancellous (spongy) | bone forms a network of hard beams of bone tissue inside many bones. |
| Epidermis Dermis | Two primary layes of skin |
| lipofuscin | As epidermal cells age and stop undergoing mito-sis, they often accumulate a brown-yellow pig-ment called |
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Jtuazon
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