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Komete Kunluecharkor
Physiology - Assignment 2 : Digestion and absorption
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is digestion? | Digestion is the process by which ingested food is broken down into smaller, absorbable components through mechanical and chemical means. |
| What are the main organs involved in digestion? | The main organs involved in digestion include the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. |
| What role does saliva play in digestion? | Saliva contains enzymes, like amylase, that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth. |
| How does the stomach contribute to digestion? | The stomach secretes gastric juices containing enzymes and acids to break down proteins and mix food into a semi-liquid substance called chyme. |
| What is the function of bile in digestion? | Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, emulsifies fats to facilitate their digestion by lipases in the small intestine. |
| Which enzymes are responsible for digesting proteins in the stomach? | Proteins are broken down in the stomach by pepsin, which is activated by the acidic environment. |
| What happens to carbohydrates in the small intestine? | Carbohydrates are further broken down into simpler sugars by enzymes like amylase in the small intestine. |
| How are nutrients absorbed in the small intestine? | The small intestine has villi and microvilli that increase surface area for absorption. Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream and lymphatic system. |
| What is the role of the pancreas in digestion? | The pancreas produces enzymes (e.g., pancreatic amylase, lipase) that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. |
| How are fats absorbed in the small intestine? | Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by lipases, and they are then absorbed through the small intestine's mucosal cells. |
| What is peristalsis? | Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles in the digestive tract that propels food along the digestive system. |
| How does the nervous system regulate digestion? | The autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic division, stimulates digestive processes, while the sympathetic division inhibits them. |
| What is the role of mucus in the stomach lining? | Mucus in the stomach lining protects it from the corrosive effects of stomach acid and enzymes. |
| What is the purpose of the gastrocolic reflex? | The gastrocolic reflex triggers mass movements in the colon after the stomach is stretched, promoting the movement of feces. |
| How does the small intestine adapt to maximize nutrient absorption? | The small intestine has a large surface area due to villi and microvilli, enhancing nutrient absorption. |
| What is the significance of intestinal bacteria in digestion? | Intestinal bacteria aid in the fermentation of undigested carbohydrates and the production of certain vitamins, contributing to overall digestion. |
| How is water absorbed in the digestive system? | Water is primarily absorbed in the small intestine and colon through osmosis, following the absorption of nutrients. |
| How does the circulatory system contribute to nutrient transport after absorption? | Nutrients are transported in the bloodstream, and the hepatic portal vein carries absorbed nutrients directly to the liver for processing before entering the systemic circulation. |
Created by:
komete
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