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Oranda Cisneros
Physiology Weeks 7-13
| Which of the following statements about amino acid neurotransmitters is incorrect? | They are all inhibitory neurotransmitters. |
| A term commonly used as a synonym for action potential is | nerve impulse |
| The only ion(s) that can diffuse across a neuron's membrane when the neuron is at rest is (are): | potassium |
| Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are classified as: | catecholamines |
| A shift away from the resting membrane potential in a specific region of the plasma membrane is called a ____ potential. | local |
| When current leaps across an insulating myelin sheath from node to node, the type of impulse conduction is called: | saltatory conduction |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of sympathetic stimulation? | constriction of the bronchioles |
| Tongue movement is controlled by which cranial nerve? | hypoglossal |
| Axon terminals of autonomic neurons release either of two neurotransmitters, | norepinephrine and acetylcholine |
| The effect of sympathetic stimulation on the urinary bladder is | relaxation |
| The cortex is capable of storing and retrieving information from both short-term and long-term | memory |
| The second largest part of the brain, located just below the posterior portion of the cerebrum, is the | cerebellum |
| Another name for the parasympathetic nervous system is the ____ nervous system. | craniosacral |
| Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are tonically active, which means they | continually conduct impulses to autonomic effectors |
| The last step in the nonsteroid hormone mechanism of action is: | protein kinases activate other enzymes |
| All of the following are nonsteroid hormones except: | cortisol |
| If you slammed your finger in a car door, it would stimulate ____ pain fibers. | acute |
| Movement of hair cells in the organ of Corti against the ____ membrane can stimulate nerve impulse condition. | tectorial |
| The sequence of auditory ossicles in the middle ear starting at the tympanic membrane and ending at the oval window is: | malleus, incus, and stapes. |
| In comparison with the nervous system, the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are: | slow to appear but long-lasting. |
| Which of the following is not true of a receptor potential? | it follows the all-or-none law. |
| Which of the following is true about pain receptors? | Alpha fibers are associated with sharp, localized pain. |
| During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein? | It flows into the inferior vena cava. |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin |
| ____, a natural constituent of blood, acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in vessels. | Heparin |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis |
| Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of | vasodilation |
| The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is: | hemodynamics |
| What is the function of the spleen? | tissue repair, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, blood reservoir |
| The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare our own normal cells is called: | self-tolerance |
| Activities that result in central movement or flow of lymph are called | lymphokinetic activities |
| The body's defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are | innate and adaptive immunity. |
| Pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of | prostaglandins |
| Memory cells: | become plasma cells when exposed to an antigen. |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body's third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte |
| The PCO2 in the atmosphere is: | less than in the alveolar air. |
| Ciliated cells lining the respiratory tract: | help move the mucus blanket toward the pharynx. |
| The PCO2 in alveolar air is ____ blood. | less than in the systemic venous, equal to the systemic arterial |
| If the tidal volume of a given individual is 500 ml, then the anatomical dead space is approximately ____ ml. | 150 |
| The approximate partial pressure of oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure is about ____ mm Hg. | 160 |
| Which of the following is not a regulated process associated with the functioning of the respiratory system? | Control of cell metabolism rate |
| When the pressure in the lung is greater than atmospheric pressure: | expiration occurs |
| The enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of: | protein |
| The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: | vasoactive intestinal peptide |
| Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as: | amylase |
| The hormone that inhibits gastric muscle, slowing passage of food into the duodenum, is called: | gastric inhibitory peptide |
| Which of these is not an example of mechanical digestion? | Moistening the food |
| Which of the following is not true of enzymes? | They change chemically and are in the end products of the reaction. |
| The process of swallowing is known as: | deglutition |
| Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is(are) stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? | Cephalic phase |
| Which of the following is a disaccharide? | Sucrose |
| The purpose of peristalsis is to: | propel food forward along the GI tract. |
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