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Anatomy of Bones
Ch 6: Anatomy of Bones- Pt 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the structure of compact bone made up of? | Osteons or Haversian systems and elongated cylinders |
| What does compact bone look like? | It looks like tree growth rings |
| What is an osteon? | Tiny weight bearing pillars |
| What does each layer of an osteon represent? | One lamella |
| What is compact bone made up of? | Lamelllae |
| What is another name for compact bone? | Lamellar bone |
| What is lamella? | matrix tubes (rings) where collagen runs one way and alternates direction for the next lamella (adds strength) |
| What does the lamella make the osteon? | A twister resister |
| What is the central canal? | The opening for blood vessels and nerve fibers |
| What is another name for the central canal? | Haversian canal |
| What is are Volkman’s canals? | They connect blood vessels and nerve fibers throughout bone |
| What is another name for Volkman’s canals? | Perforating canals |
| In what direction do Volkman’s canals run? | Perpendicular to long axis of bone |
| What are osteocytes? | Mature bone cells |
| What is the lacunae? | Spaces where osteocytes “live” in bone tissue |
| What are the canaliculi? | Canals that connect lacunae, tie all osteocytes together (nutrient, waste) |
| What is circumferential lamella? | It extends around the circumference of the diaphysis |
| What helps long bones resist twisting? | Circumferential lamella |
| Where are trabeculae found in spongy bone? | Along lines of stress |
| What helps bone resist stress in spongy bone? | Trabeculae found along lines of stress |
| What connect irregular lamellae and osteocytes in spongy bone? | Canaliculi |
| What are irregular lamellae? | There are no osteons |
| What are organic components? | Bone cells and osteoid (organic matrix) |
| What do organic components do? | Resist tension (stretch ) |
| What are inorganic components? | Mineral salts |
| What do inorganic components do? | Resist compression (make strong) |
| What makes up bone matrix? | Ground substance and collagen fibers |
| What are sacrificial bonds? | They are between collagen land break easily to prevent fractures |
| What happens when these bonds break? | Energy is dispersed (like race cars) |
| What is 65% of the bone mass made up of? | Hydroxy apatites (mineral salts) and calcium phosphates (crystals) found around collagen in matrix |
| What do minerals provide the bone with? | Its hardness |
| What does the proper combination of organic and inorganic matrix elements allow for? | Bones to be durable and strong |
| What would happen if you removed all of the inorganic components? | The bone would soften |
| Would the bone be able to resist compression if its inorganic components were removed? | No |
| Would the bone be able to resist tension if its inorganic components were removed? | Yes |
| Which cell in the bone acts to break down the bone matrix? | Osteoclasts |
| What oranganelle would be the likey source of the enzymes that can digest bone matrix? | Lysosomes |
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