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401 Key Terms
Role of Finance/Accounting
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Accounting | The process of keeping and interpreting financial records. |
Accounts payable | All monies owed by the business to others. |
Accounts receivable | All monies owed to a firm by its customers. |
Acquisition of Funds | Finance activity involving making decisions about financing. |
Administration of Assets | Finance activity involving making decisions about a firm's investments. |
Asset(s) | Anything of value that a business or individual owns. |
Capital budgeting | A process in which a firm's financial managers determine which projects it should invest in. |
Capital investment decisions | Decisions that determine which projects a business will invest in , how the investment(s) will be financed , and whether to pay dividends to shareholders. |
Capital structure | A firm's mix of financing , usually some combination of debt and equity. |
Cash conversion cycle | Ratio that refers to the number pf days between a company paying for raw materials and receiving cash from selling the products made from those raw materials. |
Debt funding | Using money that is lent by a bank or other institution to finance a project. |
Dividend | A sum of money paid to an investor or stockholder as earning on an investment . |
Equity funding | Using money from investors to finance a project in exchange for shares in the company. |
Finance | In business, the function that involves all money and money management matters. |
Financing | Funding a business activity or project through debt , equity , or venture capital. |
Return on capital | A measure of how well a business generates cash flow in relation to the capital it has already invested in itself. |
Venture Capital | Invested money used for new business opportunities . |
Working capital management | Management of a firm's current balance of assets and liabilities ; involve accounts payable and receivable , inventory , and cash. |
Accountant | An individual who has had specialized training in accounting procedures. |
Accounting | The process of keeping financial records. |
Accounting cycle | A process of series of steps that businesses complete to maintain their financial records effectively. |
Accounting standards | Rules that accountants must follow when preparing financial statements. |
Accounting system | The methods and procedures used in consistently handling the business's financial information. |
Accrual accounting method | A method of accounting that records transactions at the time they occur even if no money changes hands at the time. |
Assets | Anything of value that a business owns. |
Balance sheet | A financial statement that captures the financial condition of the business at that particular moment. |
Bookkeeping | The steps of the accounting cycle that involve recording each business transaction; the process of analyzing financial transactions, journalizing transactions , posting to ledgers , and balancing the books. |
Cash | Currency and coins. |
Cash accounting method | An accounting method in which income and expenditures are recorded at the tie the money changes hands. |
Cash flow statement | A financial summary with estimates as to when , where, and how much money will flow into and out of a business. |
Credit | The arrangement by which businesses or individuals can purchase now and pay later . |
Expenditures | The monies that a business spends; also called expenses. |
Expenses | The monies that a business spends ; also called expenditures. |
Financial accounting | A type of accounting that involves preparing and reporting financial data to external users who are not directly involved in business operations. |
Financial statement | A summary of accounting information |
Income | Money received by a business or individual from outside sources. |
Income statement | A financial summary that shows how much money the business has made or lost; also called the profit-and-loss statement . |
Investors | Those who invest their funds in a business; may be owners or stockholders. |
Journal | A special book or computer program in which a business's transactions |