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4.01 Glossary
role of finance/accounting
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accounting | The process of keeping and interpreting financial records |
| Accounts payable | All monies owed by the business to others |
| Accounts receivable | All monies owed to a firm by its customers |
| Acquisition of funds | Finance activity involving making decisions about a firm's investments |
| Capital budgeting | A process in which a firm's financial managers determine which projects it should invest in |
| Capital investment decisions | Decisions that determine which projects a business will invest in, how the investment will be financed, and whether to pay dividends to shareholders |
| Capital structure | A firm's mix of financing , usually some combination of debt and equity |
| Cash conversion cycle | Ratio that refers to the number of days between a company paying for raw materials and receiving cash form selling the products made from those raw materials |
| Debt funding | using money that is lent by a bank or others institution to finance a project |
| Dividend | A sum of money paid to an investor or stockholder as earnings on an investment |
| Equity Funding | Using money from investors to finance a project in exchange for shares in the company |
| Finance | In business, the function that involves all money and money management matters |
| Financing | Funding a business activity or project through debt, equity, or venture capital |
| Return on capital | A measure of how well a business generates cash flow in relation to the capital it has already invested in itself |
| Venture capital | Invested money used for new business opportunities |
| Working capital management | Management of a firm's current balance of assets and liabilities; involves accounts payable and receivable, inventory, and cash |
| Accountant | An individual who has had specialized training in accounting procedures |
| Accounting | The process of keeping financial records |
| Accounting cycle | A process or series of steps that businesses complete to maintain their financial records effectively |
| Accounting standards | Rules that accountant must follow when preparing financial statements |
| Accounting system | The methods and procedures used in consistently handling the business 's financial information |
| Accrual accounting method | A methods of accounting that records transactions at the time they occur even if no money changes hands at the time |
| Assets | Anything of value that a business owns |
| Balance sheet | A financial statement that captures the financial condition of the business at the particular moment |
| Bookkeeping | The steps of the accounting cycle that involve reading each business transaction; the process of analyzing financial transaction, journalizing transactions, posting to ledgers, and balancing the books |
| Cash | Currency and coins |
| Cash accounting method | `An accounting method in which income and expenditures are recorded at the time the money changes hands |
| Cash flow statement | A financial summary with estimates as to when, where, and how much money will flow into and out of business |
| Credit | The arrangement by which businesses or individuals can purchase now and pay later |
| Expenditures | The monies that a business spends; also called expenses |
| Expenses | The monies that a business spends; also called expenditures |
| Financial accounting | A type of accounting that involves preparing and reporting financial date to external users who are not directly involve in business operation |
| Income | Money received by a business or an individual from outside sources |
| Income statement | A financial summary that shows how much money the business has made or has lost; also called the profit and loss statement |
| Investors | Those who invest their funds a business; may be owners or stockholders |
| Journal | A special book or computer program in which a business's transactions are recorded in the ordering which they occur |
| Ledger | The accounting record for a specific department or area of the business |
| Liabilities | Debts that the business owes |
| Managerial accounting | A type of accounting that involves preparing and reporting financial data to internal users, usually managers, who need financial information to control day-to-day operation and to make financial decisions and plans affecting the business |
| Net worth | The total value of the business |
| Owner's equity | The amount an owner has invested in the business plus or minus profits and losses |
| Transaction | A business activity such as a sale, a purchase, or a return |
| Trail balance | The listing of a business's different accounts and their current balances; used to check the accuracy of journal and ledger entries |
Created by:
q.esmeralda26
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