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401
business essentials
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accounting | the process of keeping and interpreting financial records |
| Accounts payable | all monies owed by the business to other |
| Accounts receivable | all monies owed to a firm by its customers |
| Acquisition of funds | finance activity involving making decision about financing |
| Administration of asset | finance activity inolving making decision about a firm investmrnt |
| Asset | anything of value that a business or individual owns |
| capital budgeting | a process in which a firm financial managers determine which project it should invest in |
| capital investment decisions | decisi an investorons that determine which projects a business will invest in, how the investments will be financed, and whether to pay dividends to shareholders. |
| capital structure | a firm's mix of financing, usually some combination of debt and equity. |
| cash conversion cycle | ratio that refers to the number of days between a company paying for raw materials and receiving cash from selling the products made from those raw materials. |
| debt funding | using money that is lent by a bank or other institution to finance a project. |
| dividend | a sum f money paid to |
| capital structure | a firm's mix of financing, usually some combination of debt and equity. |
| cash conversion cycle | ratio that refers to the number of days between a company paying for raw materials and receiving cash from selling the products made from those raw materials. |
| debt funding | using money that is lent by a bank or other institution to finance a project. |
| dividend | a sum f money paid to |
| capital structure | a firm's mix of financing, usually some combination of debt and equity. |
| cash conversion cycle | ratio that refers to the number of days between a company paying for raw materials and receiving cash from selling the products made from those raw materials. |
| debt funding | using money that is lent by a bank or other institution to finance a project. |
| dividend | a sum f money paid to |
| capital structure | a firm's mix of financing, usually some combination of debt and equity. |
| cash conversion cycle | ratio that refers to the number of days between a company paying for raw materials and receiving cash from selling the products made from those raw materials. |
| debt funding | using money that is lent by a bank or other institution to finance a project. |
| dividend | a sum f money paid to investor or stockholder as earnings on an investment. |
| equity funding | using money from investors to finance a project in exchange for shares in the company. |
| finance | in business, the function that involves all money and money management matters. |
| financing | funding a business activity or project through debt, equity, or venture capital. |
| return on capital | a measure on how well a business generates cash flow in relation to the capital it has already invested in itself. |
| venture capital | invested money used for new business opportunities. |
| working capital management | management of a firm's current balance of assets and liabilities, involves accounts payable and receivable, inventory and cash. |
| accountant | an individual who has had specialized training in accounting procedures. |
| accounting | the process of keeping financial records. |
| accounting cycle | a process or series of steps that businesses complete to maintain their financial records effectively. |
| accounting standard | rules that accountants must follow when preparing financial statements. |
| accounting system | the methods and procedures used in consistently handling the business of financial information. |
| accrual accounting method | a method of accounting that records transactions at the time they occur even if no money changes hands at the time. |
| assets | anything of value that a business owns. |
| balance sheet | a financial statement that captures the financial conditions of the business at that particular moment. |
| bookkeeping` | the steps of the accounting cycle that involve recording each business transaction, the process of analyzing financial transactions, journalizing transactions, posting to ledgers, and balancing the books. |
| cash | currency and coins. |
| cash accounting method | a financial summary that estimates as to when, where, and how much money will flow into and out of a business. |
| credit | the arrangement by which businesses or individuals can purchase now and pay later. |
| expendatures | the monies that a business spends, also called expenses. |
| expenses | the monies that a business spends, also called expenditures. |
| financial accounting | a type of accounting that involves preparing and reporting financial data to external users who are not directly involved in business operations. |
| financial statement | a summary of accounting information. |
| income | money received by a business or an individual from outside sources. |
| income statement | a financial summary that shows how much money the business has made or has lost =, also called the profit-and loss statement. |
| investors | those who invest their funds in a business, may be owners or stockholders. |
| journal | a special book or computer program in which a business's transactions are recorded in the order in which they occur. |
| ledger | the accounting record for a specific department or area of the business. |
| liabilities | debts that the business owes. |
| managerial accounting | a type of accounting that involves preparing and reporting financial data to internal users, usually managers, who need financial information to control day-to-day operations and to make financial decisions and plans affecting the business. |
| net worth | the total value of the business. |
| owner's equity | the amount an owner has invested in the business plus or minus profits and losses. |
| transaction | a business activity such as a sale, a purchase, or a return. |
| trial balance | the listing of a business's different accounts and their current balances, used to check the accuracy of journal and ledger entries. |