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401 Key Terms

Role of Finance/Accounting

TermDefinition
Accounting The process of keeping and interpreting financial records
Accounts payable All monies owed by the business to others
Accounts receivable All monies owed to a firm by its customers
Acquisition of funds Finance activity involving making decisions about financing
Administrations of assets Finance activity involving making decisions about a firm's investment
Asset(s) Anything of value that a business or individual owns
Capital budgeting A process in which a firm's financial managers determine which projects it should invest in
Capital investment decisions Decisions that determine which projects a business will invest in, how the investment(s) will be financed. and whether to pay dividends to shareholders
Capital structure A firm's mix of financing, usually some combination of debt and equity
Cash conversion cycle Ratio that refers to the number of days between a company paying for raw materials and receiving cash from selling the products made from those raw materials
Debt funding Using money that is lent by a bank or other institution to finance a project
Dividend A sum of money paid to an investor or stockholder as earnings on an investment
Equity funding Using money from investors to finance a project in exchange for shares in the company
Finance In business, the function that involves all money and money management matters
Financing Funding a business activity or project through debt, equity, venture capital
Return on capital A measure of how well business generates cash flow in relations to the capital it has already invested in itself
Venture capital Invested money used for new business opportunities
Working capital management Management of a firm's current balance of assets and liabilities; involves accounts payable and receivable, inventory, and cash
Accountant An individual who has had specialized training in accounting procedures
Accounting The process of keeping financial records
Accounting cycle A process of series of steps that businesses compete to maintain their financial records effectively
Accounting standards Rules that accountants must follow when preparing financial statements
Accounting system The methods and procedures used in consistently handling the business's financial information
Accrual accounting method A method of accounting that records transactions at the time they occur even if no money changes hands at the time
Assets Anything of value that a business owns
Balance sheet A financial statement that captures the financial condition of the business at that particular moment
Bookkeeping The steps of the accounting cycle that involve recording each business transaction; the process of analyzing financial transactions, journalizing transactions, posting to ledgers, and balancing the books
Cash Currency and coins
Cash accounting method An accounting method in which income and expenditures are recorded at the time the money changes hands
Cash flow statement A financial summary with estimates as to when, where, and how much money will flow into and out of a business
Credit The arrangement by which businesses or individuals can purchase now and pay later
Expenditures The monies that a business spends; also called expenses
Expenses The monies that a business spends; also called expenditures
Financial accounting A type of accounting that involves preparing and reporting financial data to external users who are not directly involved in business operations
Financial statement A summary of accounting information
Income Money received by a business or an individual from outside sources
Income statement A financial summary that shows how much money the business has made or has lost; also called the profit-and-loss statement
Investors Those who invest their funds in a business; may be owners or stockholders
Journal A special book or computer program in which a business's transactions are recorded in the order in which they occur
Ledger The accounting record for a specific department or area of the business
Liabilities Debts that the business owes
Managerial accounting A type of accounting that involves preparing and reporting financial data to internal users, usually managers, who need financial information to control day-to-day operations and to make financial decisions and plans affecting the business
Net worth The total value of the business
Owner's equity The amount an owner has invested in the business plus or minus profits and losses
Transaction A business activity such as a sale, a purchased, or a return
Trial balance The listing of a business's different accounts and their current balances; used to check the accuracy of journal and ledger entries
Created by: EmmaLyn6
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