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Advanced Certamen II
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Zeus’ Father; husband of Rhea, slain by Zeus | Kronos |
Titan - The Earth Goddess, wife of Ouranos/Uranus, mother of all living things; tellurium named after her | Gaia |
Titan of the Sky, husband of Gaia, original lord of Creation, castrated and deposed by Kronos, his son (Atlas holds him on his shoulders so he doesn’t touch the Earth) | Ouranos/Uranus |
Titan wife of Kronos, birthed the six main Olympian gods and goddesses, including Zeus. | Rhea |
Goddess of wisdom and defensive war; also patron of weaving and pottery. Known for the aegis and spear, the owl, and the olive tree. A virgin goddess. | Athena |
The Messenger God; patron god of roads, travelers, husbandry, and trade; known for winged boots, cap of invisibility, cattle, and the shepherd’s pipe. | Hermes |
Goddess of the hearth; patron goddess of the home, sacrificial flame, and family meal. Tended the fire in the Hall of Olympus. A virgin goddess. | Hestia |
God of music, healing, prophecy, and oracles. Known for the laurel wreath, raven, and lyre. Son of Leto and Zeus; twin of Artemis. Slew the serpent python at the Oracle of Delphi. | Apollo |
Goddess of the hunt and wilderness; known for (with Apollo) bringing disease and plague, as well as the bow-and quiver. A virgin goddess; turned Acteon into a stag for viewing her bathing. | Artemis |
God of wine and revelry; known for the thyrsos ( a pine-cone tipped staff), the leopard, and the fruit vine. Rituals often orgiastic and wild in nature. | Dionysus |
Goddess of seasons and the harvest; Mother of Persephone. Reason for summer and winter being the abduction of Persephone. | Demeter |
Daughter of Demeter; Wife of Hades. Ate pomegranate and must remain in the Underworld six months of every year. | Persephone |
God of shepherds and flocks; appears as a satyr. Known for chasing nymphs and playing his namesake pipes. | Pan |
Titan god of the Sun; pulled his chariot over Earth each day, the wheels were the Sun. | Helios |
Titan god of forethought and crafty counsel; crafted man and stole fire for them. Bound to a rock where a vulture would eat his liver each day as punishment. | Prometheus |
Titan goddess of the Moon | Selene |
God of love and eroticism; Son of Aphrodite; lover of Psyche. | Eros |
Goddess of victory | Nike |
Titan Goddess of Chaos | Hecate |
Goddesses of music, song, and dance – 9 | The Muses |
Muse of Epic Poetry | Calliope |
Muse of History | Clio |
Muse of Astronomy | Ourania |
Muse of Comedy | Thaleia |
Muse of Tragedy | Melpomene |
Muse of Religious Hymns | Polyhymnia |
Muse of Erotic Poetry | Erato |
Muse of Lyric Poetry | Euterpe |
Muse of Choral Song and Dance | Terpsikhore |
Cousin of Achilles; dresses as Achilles in order to fight in Trojan War, mistakenly killed by Hector. | Patroklos/Patroclus |
Brother of Menelaus; king of Mycenae, assemples one thousand ships for his brother to retrieve Helen. Killed by his wife Clymenestra upon his return. | Agammemnon |
Brother of Agamemnon; king of Sparta. Paris stole his wife Helen to Troy, begins the Trojan War. | Menelaos |
Hero of the Trojans; killed by Achilles nearing the end of the Trojan War. | Hector |
King of Troy | King Priam |
Hero of the Trojan War; invented the idea of the Trojan Horse, responsible for the victory of the siege of Troy. Incurred Poseidon’s wrath after blinding Polyphemus, leading to a twenty year voyage home in The Odyssey, by Homer. | Odysseus |
Retrieved the Golden Fleece with the Argonauts; married Medea, a witch who eventually killed their children in jealousy. | Jason |
Sent to Crete and killed the Minotaur in the labyrinth. | Theseus |
Son of Danae and Zeus; killed Medusa. | Perseus |
Son of Poseidon; tamed Pegasus and killed the Chimera. | Bellerophon |
Famous huntress; slew the Calydonian Boar. | Atalanta |
Queen of the Amazonians; gave Hercules her belt for one of his labors. | Hippolyta |
Man who created a statue of Aphrodite and fell in love with it; Aphrodite gave it life in the form of Galatea as a reward for his faithfulness, giving him a wife. | Pygmalion |
Killed and served his son for dinner to the Gods of Olympus. Sentenced to an eternity in Tartarus suffering in eternal thirst and hunger. | Tantalus |
A famous centaur who taught many heroes, including Hercules. Sentenced to immortality, but at the cost of constant agony. | Chiron |
Creatures with the lower body of a horse and the upper torso of a man; often lusty revelers | Centaurs |
Creatures with the lower body of a goat and the upper body of a man; tend to chase women and play pipes | Satyr |
Creature with the body of a lion, face of a man, and a spiked tail | Manticore |
Creature with the body of a lion and the head and wings of an eagle | Griffin |
Creature with the body of a cat and head of a man; very clever and enjoy riddles, such as in Oedipus Rex. | Sphinx |
Creature with the body and head of a lion, a second goat’s head, and a serpentine tail; killed by Bellerophon. The word chimerical stems from this creature. | Chimera |
A giant boar sent by Artemis that ravaged Calydonia until Atalanta killed it. | Calydonian Boar |
A giant lion that ravaged Nemea until Hercules killed it for his first Labor. | Nemean Lion |
A serpentine, multi-headed creature that lived in the swamps of Lerna; killed by Hercules for his second Labor | The Hydra |
Guard to the Underworld; a giant dog with three heads. Hercules had to retrieve it for another Labor. | Cerberus |
Creature with 100 eyes, set as a guard by Hera to watch over Io, the cow/woman. Killed by Hermes. | Argus |
Wild winged horse that was tamed by several heroes, including Hercules and Bellerophon. | Pegasus |
First Triumvirate | Julius Caesar, Marcus Crassus, and Gnaius Pompeius Magnus (Pompey). |
Second Triumvirate | Octavian (Augustus), Lepidus, and Mark Antony |
Attempted to make horse a senator; sexual deviancy. | Caligula |
Responsible for the conquest of Britain. | Claudius |
Executed mother and brother; May have set the great fire of Rome in 64 CE. | Nero |
Civil War – Year of the 4 Emperors | Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian |
Campaign vs. Judaea; began the Coliseum | Vespasian |
Completed Coliseum; Mt. Vesuvius + Fire of Rome | Titus |
Trajan’s Column; expanded Empire to largest ever | Trajan |
Joint-emperorship with Verus | Marcus Aurelius |
Personally fought in the Coliseum. | Commodus |
Constitutio Antoniniana; Baths of Caracalla | Caracalla |
He was known for the persecution of Christians. | Diocletian |
Created Constantinople; converted to Christianity | Constantine I |
Reunited Roman Empire after Gothic attack | Theodosius |