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Physiology Week 1-6
Physiology Midterm
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What term describes a signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference? Efferent Sensory Effector Afferent | Afferent |
Which level of control operates at the cell level, often using genes and enzymes to regulate cell function? Intrinsic regulation Extrinsic regulation Extracellular regulation Intracellular regulation | Intracellular Regulation |
Local control or ——, intrinsic mechanisms often make use of chemical signals. Structural Developmental Autoregulation Autonomous | Autoregulation |
The body naturally changes some set points to different values at different times of the day. These daily cycles are called Circadian cycles Set point cycles Physiological cycles Feedback cycles | Circadian cycles |
The normal reading or range is called the | Set point |
To accomplish self-regulation, a highly complex and integrated communication control system or network is required. This type of network is called a(n) | Feedback control loop |
Effectors can be described as | organs that directly influence controlled physiological variables. |
The relatively constant state maintained by the body is known as | homeostasis |
Many complex processes of the body are coordinated at many levels. These include: intracellular. intrinsic. extrinsic. All of these are correct. | All of these are correct. |
Because negative feedback control systems oppose changes that are opposite in direction to the initial disturbance, they are | slowed or maintained in the homeostatic range |
The impact of effector activity on sensors may be positive or negative. Therefore, homeostatic control mechanisms are categorized as | organs that are directly influenced by physiological variables or mechanisms |
The concept that information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow is called | feed-forward |
Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis are known as | homeostatic control mechanisms |
Extrinsic control usually involves which mode of regulation? | nervous & endocrine |
Which of the following is a basic component of every feedback control loop? Sensor mechanism integrating center effector feedback All of these are correct | All of these are correct |
Events that lead to an immune response to an infection or the formation of a blood clot are examples of | positive feedback |
Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? Viruses Tapeworms Bacteria Protozoa | tapeworms |
Negative-feedback control systems: oppose a change. accelerate a change. have no effect on the deviation from set point. establish a new set point. | oppose a change |