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Advanced Certamen I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the highest part of a Greek city, such as in Athens? | The Acropolis |
| The central part of a Roman city was the forum. What was the central part of a Greek city or marketplace ? | Agora |
| What was the Greek word for "city-state"? | Polis |
| What king was appointed the first flamines? | Numa Pompilius |
| What was the Flamen Dialis? | Priest of Jupiter |
| They were brought to Rome in 264 BC for the funeral games of Marcus Brutus and instantly became a hit with the people. What is the Latin word for "gladiator games" | Munera (gladitoria) |
| From what Italian culture did the costum of munera come to Romans? | Etruscan |
| What elected Roman official was supposed to arrange "munera"? | Aediles |
| When was the "toga pulla" normally worn? | in the morning |
| What was another instance to was the toga pulla? | Political protest |
| The toga sordida was dingy. What toga was actually dyed a color other than white? | toga picta |
| What was the minimum age for a Vestal Virgin? | 6 |
| What was the maximum age for a girl to be selected as a Vestal Virgin? | 10 |
| Name 7 guilds which originated from the time of Numa? | tanners, cobbles, carpenters, goldsmiths, coppersmiths, dyers, flutists |
| The pith of this plant was cut into strips pressed horizontally over vertically to make a type of paper. What was this plant? | Papyrus |
| What country is the predominant source of the papyrus plant? | Egypt |
| What was a Roman "volumen"? | Scroll/book/roll/volume |
| Which holiday gives slaves temporary freedom? | Saturnalia |
| On what date did Saturnalia begin? | December 17th |
| What presents were typical of Saturnalia? | Sigillaria-waxed candles/pottery figurines |
| What did every child, male or female, wear around his neck to ward off evil spirits? | Bulla |
| Almost every man of ancient times wore what one item which was uniquely his own and was used in place of signing his name to a document | Signet ring |
| A signet ring has a design engraved into a stone to produce an elevated design on the material pressed. What do we call the opposite type of stone cutting that cuts the background away, leaving a relief on the actual stone | Cameo |
| In Republican Rome, what was a "cornitia"? | An assembly of the people |
| What was the "ius agendi cum populo"? | The right to convoke an assembly |
| If only part of the people were summoned, the meeting was not a "cornitia' but a _____. | Concilium |
| Where would a Roman see a flammeum? | At a wedding |
| What was the role of a pronuba at a Roman wedding? | bridal attendant/maid of honor |
| What were the "taedae"? | torches |
| What were the senatus consulta? | Decrees of the senate |
| What were the acta populi? | Measures enacted by popular assemblies |
| What were the "consorum tabulae"? | Census records |
| What Egyptian goddess was worshiped in a similar way? | Isis |
| What persian god was worshiped with the rites that included the sacrifice of a bull? | Mithras/Mithra |
| Who were addressed as "conscripti patres"? | Senators |
| Which senators spoke first? | Censors/consuls |
| In what building did the Senate usually meet? | Curia |
| What part of the oration if the "peroratio"? | Closing statement |
| Cicero often called attention to an idea by first stating that he would not discuss it. What is this rhetorical device? | Praeteritio |
| What is the name of the introductory remarks to an oration? | Exordium |
| During the Republic, what area of the theater was reserved for the seating of the "ordo senatorius"? | Orchestra |
| Who, other than the ordo senatorius, might be seated in the Orchestra of the theater? | Magistrates/ambassadors/town councils |
| The first fourteen rows of seats behind the orchestra were reserved for the "equities". Which equestrians were entitles to sit in the first two rows of this section | Those who had served as tribunes of the people. |
| When a priest was officiating at a rite or ritual, what distinctive thing did he do with his garment or cloak? | Pulled it over his head. |
| What characteristic was shared by all types of animals the Romans sacrificed to the gods of the underworld? | They were black. |
| One such priest is depicted in the relief carving on the famous altar constructed to commemorate Pax Romana. What is the name of this structure | Ara Pacis |
| What date is denoted by the phrase "ante diem tertium Nonas Iulius"? | July 5th |
| What is this year, according to A.U.C., in Roman numerals? | MMDCCLXV |
| Give the Latin term for the boy who carries the utensils necessary for making the sacrificial offering during the confarreatio? | Camillus |
| In order to be a camillus, the boy must fulfill the condition of "patrimus et matrimus." What does this mean? | Both parents must be alive at the time of the ceremony. |
| What Latin term refers to the covered blanket in which the utensils are carried? | cumera |
| What type of atrium had neither an impuvium nor a compluvium? | testudinatum/testidinate |
| What type of atrium had four pillars supporting the intersections of the beams that supported the room? | Tetrastylon/tertastylee |
| What type of atrium differed from the tetrestylon in that it had more than four supporting pillars | Corinthium/Corinthian |
| For what purpose would a Roman wear a flammeum? | getting married/bridal veil |
| What Roman women other than brides would wear their hair in six braids? | Vestal Virgins |
| What was the name of the knot used by brides to tie their bridal belt around their waist? | Knot of Hercules |
| By what more common name do we know the Marsic or Italian War? | Social War |
| The Marsic War comes from the Marsi, a southern Italian tribe. What Oscan- speaking Italian tribe was the other opponent of Rome in the war | Samnites |
| What was the first capitol of the Italian allies, which was later named Italia? | Corfinium |
| What race destroyed all but one of Odysseus' ships? | Laestrygonians |
| What social custom made the Laestrygonians so dangerous? | They were cannibals. |
| Why was Odysseus' ship not destroyed with the rest of the ships? | He kept it outside the harbor. |
| In what Roman ceremony did a paterfamilias promise his daughter to a man in marriage? | This ceremony may have opened with the words, "spondesne Gaiam, tuam filiam, mihi uxorem dari." Sponsalia |
| Later, during Gaia's marriage ceremony, the wirnesses all shout "feliciter!" after the Pontifex Maximus and Flamen Dialis make an offering of spelt cake to Jupiter. What form of marriage has taken place | Confarreatio |
| If instead, the ceremony took place in the form of a bride purchase, what type of marriage took place? | Coemptio |
| The purity of the Vestal Virgins was of the highest importance to the Romans. What would happen to any Vestal who broke her vow of chastity | They ere buried alive. |
| In addition to tending the sacred fire of Vesta, what is the name of the statuette of Athena protected by the Vestals? | Palladium |
| Describe the unusual shape of the temple of Vesta in the Roman forum? | circular/round |
| Romans had many of the same jobs we still have today! What was a "tonsor"? | Barber |
| What was a "scriba"? | Secretary, clerk |
| What was a "pistor"? | Baker |
| What was the gustatio? | appetizers, food |
| What was a petasus? | a hat |
| What term was given to the most honored position on the three couches at a typical Roman dinner party, since, should a consul be present, he would always sit there | (ocus) consularis |
| Was this honored position based on the lectus imus, the lectus medius, or the lectus imus? | lectus medius |
| what was the difference between three lecti? | How high they stood from the ground. |
| What was the Latin word for "apple"? | Malum |
| What was a malum Persicum? | Peach |
| What was the malum granatum? | pomegranate |
| What would a Roman do with a pila? | Play with it, kick it, throw it, etc. |
| What would a Roman do with a pilum? | Throw it, attack with it, etc. |
| What would a Roman do with a porcus? | Cook it, eat it, etc. |
| What was the fate of Agamemnon after the Trojan War? | He was killed by his wife Clytemnestra. |
| What Trojan princess was at Agamemnon's side as he died? | Cassandra |
| Who avenged Agamemnon's death? | Orestes |
| Romulus named his city Rome, after himself. IN Greece, what did Cadmus name his new found city? | Thebes |
| Romulus peopled his new city by opening an asylum for outcasts. How did Cadmus people his city? | Sowed dragon's teeth |
| To whom was the dragon sacred? | Mars |
| Who gave a prophecy to Aeneas that someday the Trojans would be so hungry they would eat their tables? | Celaeno (a Harpy) |
| Who solved the riddle of "eating the tables"? | Ascanius/Iulus |
| What did the prophecy actually mean? | A time when the Trojans ate their food all heaped on flat pieces of bread because they were too tired to get platters to eat. |
| In the "Aeneid," who was Ascanius? | Aeneas' son |
| What was the other name used for Ascanius in the "Aeneid"? | Iulus |
| What Roman family later traced its lineage back to Venus through Iulus and Aeneas? | Julian (Julius Caesar's family, and thus, Augustus) |
| Who accepted the bribe of love with the most beautiful girl in the world? | Paris |
| Who had not been invited to the Olympian wedding party of Peleus and Thetis? | Discordia/Eris/Strife/Discord/Ate |
| Who said, "I fear Greeks bearing gifts."? | Laocoon |
| According to Homer, which Greek goddess possessed the Greek warrior Diomedes and sent him into a battle frenzy? | Athena |
| Name one of the two deities that Diomedes wounded while in this rage? | Ares/Aphrodite |
| What sacred object of Athena did Diomedes and Odysseus steal from the Trojans? | Palladium/Statue of Pallas Athena |
| Whose concubine did Cassandra become after the Trojan War? | Agamemnon's |
| After the fall of Troy, who ravanged Cassandra in Athena's temple? | Ajax Oileus/Ajax the Lesser |
| What deity killed Ajax Oileus? | Athena or Poseidon |
| What king of Ethiopia came to the aid of the Trojans during the Trojan War? | Memnon |
| Who were the parents of Memnon? | Tithonus and Eos (Aurora) |
| Who killed Memnon? | Achilles |
| While Odysseus stayed as Circe's guest on Aeaea, their son was born. Name him? | Telegonus |
| How did it come about that Telegonus killed Odysseus? | he landed on Ithaca, did not recognize it and raided it accidentally. |
| Whom did Telegonus and Telemachus marry respectively after the death of their father? | Penelope (Telegonus), Circe (Telemachus) |
| What deity, while living in a cave by the ocean, spent nine years fine-tuning his smith's craft by making jewelry for the Oceanids? who rescued him | Hephaestus/Vulcan |
| Who had necessitated the Oceanids' rescue by flinging Hephaestus from Olympus? | Hera/Juno |
| How did Hephaestus "repay" Hera for this act of cruelty? | Made her a golden throne and trapped her on it. |
| Why was Odysseus' last remaining ship destroyed by a lightning bolt? | His crew ate the cattle of Helios. |
| On what Island did this take place? | Triniacia/Sicily |
| Which of the Odysseus' crew members convinced the crew to eat the cattle against Odysseus' explicit orders? | Eurylochus |
| Aeneas and Dido were fated to meet up in a cave. What two goddesses thought up this scheme? | Venus and Juno |
| What did Dido call the union of herself and Aeneas? | Marriage |
| What was the Latin word for marriage, that Dido uses? | Coniugium |
| During the war between the Olympians and the giants, Which Olympian goddess was assaulted by a giant? | Hera |
| Name this Giant whose nickname means "fire-king"? | Porphyrion |
| What woman, the wife of Orion, was cast into Hades by Hera because she claimed to rival the goddess of ? | Side |
| Whom did Iphigenia expect to marry at Aulis? | Achilles |
| To where did Artemis take Iphigenia? | Aulis/Land of the Taurians |
| Who rules the Taurians? | Thoas |
| What king of Troy did Apollo and Poseidon have to serve? | Laemedon |
| Which of the Laomedon's daughters was to be sacrificed? | Hesione |
| Whom did Laomedon try to cheat after he saved Hesione? | Hercules |
| What attendant and messenger of Juno was the goddess of the rainbow? | Iris |
| What was Iris' Greek name? | Hebe |
| From what woman, having committed suicide due to Aeneas' departure, did Iris cut a lock of hair? | Dido |
| What was the punishment in store from any Roman who betrayed the city? | Thrown from the Tarpeian Rock. |
| The Tarpeian rock was named for Tarpeia, who betrayed the city early in Roman history. What tribe did she allow to enter the city's walls | Sabines |
| Who was the king of the Sabines at this time? | Titus Tatius |
| Whoch god did homer refer to as 'grey-eyed? | Athena |
| Which god in Rome bore the epithet Moneta? | Juno |
| What was Juno's epithet for her domain of Marriage? | Pronuba (i.e.Juno Pronuba) |
| To whom did Hector appear in a dream, urging him to leave behind the burning city of Troy and to settle the Trojans in a new land | Hector |
| What Rutulian leader, whose fiancee Aeneas had unwittingly stolen, waged war against the Trojans upon their arrival in Italy | Turnus |
| Who was Turnus' sister, a water nymph and warrior? | Juturna |
| What event in the fighting prompted Achilles to consent to Patroclus returning to the fighting in Book XVI? | hector set FIRE to the SHIPS. |
| What son of Zeus was the victim of Patroclus' subsequent battle rampage? | Sarpedon |
| What god led Sarpedon to the Underworld? | Hermes |
| Whose acquire and charioteer in the Iliad was named Automedon? | Achilles' |
| Whose charioteer was his own half-brother Cerbriones, whom Patroclus killed and stripped of his armor? | Hectors' |
| Who killed Patroclus? | Hector |
| What man, in order to escape the sons of his brother Aegyptus, fled to Argos with his fifty daughters, and later issued daggers to them to decapitate their bridegrooms in their sleep | Danaus |
| What one daughter of Aegyptus, touched by the fact that her husband Luceneus had spared her virginity, helped her husband escape instead of lopping off his head | Hypermnestra |
| What is the 2nd person singular perfect active indicative of cano | cecinisti |
| What is the same form of ceno? | cenavisti |
| What is the form of conor which would be translated the same as the two previous verbs? | conatus es |
| Aside from Sallust, Cicero is a primary source for the Catilinarian Conspiracy . how many orations did he deliver against Catiline | 4 |
| Sallust also wrote a history of what war against a Numudian king | Jugerthine War |
| Who wrote an autobiographical record of his accomplishments entitled "Res Gestae," which survives in literature and insciptions | Augustus |
| What type of literature do we associate with Horace and Catullus | Lyric poetry/ love poetry |
| What was the name of Petronius' great novel? | Satyricon |
| In Book I of the Aeneid, whom did Juno bribe with a bride to create a storm on the sea? | Aeolus |
| After Neptune calms the water, two minor sea deities dislodge the ships from jagged crags. Name one of them.. | Triton or Cymothoe |
| In which of his works does Tacitus deal with the reigns of Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian? | Histories/Historiae |
| What other author of the same time period often gave Tacitus material for his historical works? | Pliny the Younger |
| What poet said, "Mantua me genuit"? | Vergil |
| What elegaic poet was born near Verona and lived around 84-54 BC? | Catullus |
| What poet of the Augustan Age was born at Sumo in 43 BC and died in exile in Tomi? | Ovid |
| Who wrote this: "Arma virumque cano"? | Vergil |
| What Roman author wrote about a fickle woman Lesbia? | Catullus |
| Which Roman author wrote about myths in which some change in form occurs? | Ovid |
| Name the writer and philosopher who was the tutor of Nero. | Seneca |
| What kind of philosophy did Seneca espouse? | Stoic |
| Whose death and deification did Seneca satirize in the "Apocolocyntosis"? | Emperor Claudius |
| Who is the author of the collection of poems known as the Metamorphoses? | Ovid |
| Who is the other of another Latin novel entitles Metamorphoses? | Apuleius |
| Who is the probable author or the satirical Latin novel known as the Satyricon? | Petronius |
| Who is the author of Pro Lege Manilia? | Cicero |
| Whom did Cicero support in this oration? | Pompey |
| Whom did Cicero attack in the Philippics? | Marc Antony |
| What Roman historian recorded the career of his father-in-law Agricola? | Tacitus |
| In which of his historical works did Tacitus begin with the four emperors of 69 A.D.? | Histories/Historiae |
| In which of his works does Tacitus concentrate on the Julio-Claudian emperors? | Annales |
| What Romen poet and son of a freedman said, "Non omnis moriar? | Horace |
| On whose side did Horace fight at the battle of Philippi? | Brutus |
| Who was Horace's literary patron who gave him a Sabine farm as a gift? | Maecenas |
| Which early Latin comic playwright wrote these comedies: Menaechmi, Miles Gloriosus, Aulularia? | Plautus |
| Describe the title character in the "Miles Gloriosus"? | Braggert soldier |
| Why were Plautus' plays called "fabulae palliatae"? | They were preformed in Greek dress (palla) and took place in a greek setting. |
| What Roman author did Caligula call "long-winded and careless"? | (Titus) Livius/ Livy |
| What Roman emperor was tutored by Livy and encouraged him to pause his study in history? | Claudius |
| What later Roman author compared Livy to Herodotus, the Greek father of History? | Quintilian |
| Which of Plautus' works is a comedy dealing with the seduction of Alemena? | Amphritruo |
| Which of Plautus' works is comedy centered around a braggert? | Miles Gloriosus |
| Which of Plautus' works was the model for Shakespeare's "Comedy of Errors"? | Menaechmi |
| What is the more common Latin title of Varro's "Rerum Rusticarum Libri Tres? | " De Re Rustica |
| Give the Latin title of Varro's work which was an exhaustive systematic treatise that moved from problems of the origin of the Latin language and etymology on to questions of morphology, syntax, and stylistics | De Lingua Latina |
| In the prologue of his"Eunuchus", what Roman comedy defends himself against the accusation of plagiarism? | Terence (Publius Terentius Afer) |
| In the prologue to which of his works does Terence argue that the technique of combining Two Greek sources into one Latin ?comedy was employed also by Nawvius, Plautus, and Ennius | "Andria" |
| What Latin term refers to the practice of combining two Greek sources into one Latin comedy? | "Contaminatio" |
| What Roman author describes and praises Trajan's virtues as emperor in his "Panegyricus"? | " Pliny the Younger |
| What earlier emperor does Pliny the Younger use to contrast the virtues of Trajan? | Domitian |
| To whom does Pliny the Younger address the letter in which the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius was described? | "Niptra"/"The Bath" |
| What author, in his "Odes" and "Satires" referred to his humble origins and his gratitude to his father? | Horace |
| What Greek poet's lyric poems served as the literary model for Horace's "Odes? | " Alcaeus' |
| What Latin author wrote satire before both Horace and Lucilius? | Ennius |
| The toga sordida was dingy. What toga was actually dyed a color other than white? | toga picat |
| Distinguish between the Salii and the Salii Collini. | The Salii were the dancing priests of Mars. The Salii Collini were priests of Romulus. |
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