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Heart 1 & 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pericardium | Protective fibrous sac |
| Epicardium | Fibrous layer closely affixed to the heart |
| myocardium | Cardiac muscle cells |
| Endothelial cells / endothelium | Inner walls of blood vessels |
| Interventricular septum | Separates the two ventricles |
| AV valves | Allows blood to flow from atria and ventricles |
| Tricuspid valve | Right AV |
| Bicuspid | Left AV |
| Papillary muscle | Prevents prolapse of ventricles |
| Mitral valve | Looks like bishops headgear in the left AV |
| Chordate tendineae | Keeps valves in place; keeps them from prolapsing |
| Pulmonary | The opening s from the right ventricle to the left atria |
| Aortic valves (semilunar valve) | Half moon shaped cusps |
| Cardiac cycle | Blood flows through one heartbeat (atria and ventricular excitation, contraction and relaxations |
| Systole | Ventricular contraction and blood ejection |
| Diastole | Ventricular relaxation and blood filling |
| Isovolumetric ventricular contraction | Ventricles are contracting but al valves in heart are closed (no blood ejected) |
| Ventricular ejection | Blood is ejected into the aorta or pulmonary artery, depending on which ventricle |
| Stroke volume (SV) | Volume of blood ejected from each ventricle |
| Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation | Ventricular volume is not changing |
| Ventricular filling | AV valves open and blood flows in from the atria |
| End-diastolic volume (EDV) | End filling volume (130 mL) |
| End-systolic volume (ESV) | The blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection (60mL) |
| Dicrotic notch | Elastic recoil of the aorta valve and blood rebounding against the valve cause a rebound aortic pressure |
| Atrial fibrillation | Cells in the aorta contract in a completely uncoordinated manner, leading the atria to fail |
| Cardiac output | Amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute (mL/min or L/min) |
| Venous return | Volume of blood that returns to the heart from the veins to the heart |