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Heart 1 & 2

TermDefinition
Pericardium Protective fibrous sac
Epicardium Fibrous layer closely affixed to the heart
myocardium Cardiac muscle cells
Endothelial cells / endothelium Inner walls of blood vessels
Interventricular septum Separates the two ventricles
AV valves Allows blood to flow from atria and ventricles
Tricuspid valve Right AV
Bicuspid Left AV
Papillary muscle Prevents prolapse of ventricles
Mitral valve Looks like bishops headgear in the left AV
Chordate tendineae Keeps valves in place; keeps them from prolapsing
Pulmonary The opening s from the right ventricle to the left atria
Aortic valves (semilunar valve) Half moon shaped cusps
Cardiac cycle Blood flows through one heartbeat (atria and ventricular excitation, contraction and relaxations
Systole Ventricular contraction and blood ejection
Diastole Ventricular relaxation and blood filling
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction Ventricles are contracting but al valves in heart are closed (no blood ejected)
Ventricular ejection Blood is ejected into the aorta or pulmonary artery, depending on which ventricle
Stroke volume (SV) Volume of blood ejected from each ventricle
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation Ventricular volume is not changing
Ventricular filling AV valves open and blood flows in from the atria
End-diastolic volume (EDV) End filling volume (130 mL)
End-systolic volume (ESV) The blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection (60mL)
Dicrotic notch Elastic recoil of the aorta valve and blood rebounding against the valve cause a rebound aortic pressure
Atrial fibrillation Cells in the aorta contract in a completely uncoordinated manner, leading the atria to fail
Cardiac output Amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute (mL/min or L/min)
Venous return Volume of blood that returns to the heart from the veins to the heart
Created by: Angelica P
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