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MOINA

Upper Extremity

MusclesOriginInsertionInnervationAction
Pectoralis Major Clavicle, sternum and upper six costal cartilages Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus Medial and lateral pectoral nerves from brachial plexus Adducts arm and rotates it medially; clavicular fibers also flex arm
Pectoralis Minor 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs Coracoid process of scapula Medial pectoral nerve from brachial plexus Depresses point of shoulder; if the scapula is fixed, it elevates the ribs of origin
Subclavius First costal cartilage Clavicle Nerve to Subclavius from Brachial Plexus Depresses clavicle and steadies this bone during movement of shoulder girdle
Serratus Anterior Upper eight ribs Medial border and inferior angle of scapula Long Thoracic Nerve Draws scapula forward around the thoracic wall; rotates scapula
Trapezius Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spine of 7th cervical vertebra, spines of all thoracic vertebrae Upper fibers into lateral third of clavicle, middle and lower fibers, into acromion and spine of scapula Spinal part of accessory nerve, C3 and C4 Upper fibers elevate scapula; Middle fibers pull scapula medially; Lower fibers pull medial border of scapula downward
Latissimus Dorsi Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower three or four ribs and inferior angle of scapula Floor of bicipital groove of humerus Thoracodorsal Nerve Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm
Levator Scapulae Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebraes Medial border of scapula C3 and C4; Dorsal scapular nerve Raises medial border of scapula
Rhomboid Minor - Ligamentum Nuchae - Spines of 7th Cervical and first thoracic vertebrae Medial border of scapula Dorsal scapular nerve Raises medial border of scapula upward and medially
Rhomboid Major 2nd to 5th Thoracic Spines Medial border of scapula Dorsal scapular nerve Raises medial border of scapula upward and medially
Deltoid - Lateral third of clavicle - Acromion - Spine of Scapula Middle of lateral surface of shaft of humerus Axillary Nerve - Abducts arm - Anterior fibers: flex and medially rotate arm - Posterior fibers: extend and laterally rotate arm
Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of scapula Greater tuberosity of humerus; Capsule of shoulder joint Suprascapular Nerve Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Infraspinatus Infraspinatus fossa of scapula Greater tuberosity of humerus; Capsule of shoulder joint Suprascapular Nerve Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Teres Major Lower third of lateral border of scapula Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus Lower subscapular nerve Medially rotates and adducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Teres Minor Upper two thirds of lateral border of scapula Greater tuberosity of humerus; Capsule of shoulder joint Axillary Nerve Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Lesser tuberosity of humerus Upper and lower subscapular nerves Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
Biceps Brachii Long head Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of forearm Musculocutaneous Nerve Supinator of forearm; flexor of elbow joint; weak flexor of shoulder joint
Biceps Brachii Short head Coracoid process of scapula Tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of forearm Musculocutaneous Nerve Supinator of forearm; Flexor of elbow joint; Weak flexor of shoulder joint
Coracobrachialis Coracoid process of scapula Medial aspect of shaft of humerus Musculocutaneous nerve Flexes arm
Brachialis Front of lower half of humerus Coronoid process of ulna Musculocutaneous nerve Flexor of elbow joint
Triceps: Long head Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Olecranon process of ulna Radial nerve Extensor of elbow Joint
Triceps: Lateral head Upper half of posterior surface of humerus Olecranon process of ulna Radial nerve Extensor of elbow joint
Triceps: Medial head Lower half of posterior surface of humerus Olecranon process of ulna Radial nerve Extensor of elbow joint
Pronator Teres: Humeral head Medial epicondyle of humerus Lateral aspect of shaft of radius Median Nerve Pronation and flexion of forearm
Pronator Teres: Ulnar head Medial border of coronoid process of ulna Lateral aspect of shaft of radius Median Nerve Pronation and flexion of forearm
Flexor Carpi Radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Bases of 2nd and 3rd metcarpal bones Median Nerve Flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint
Palmaris Longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis Median Nerve Flexes hand
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Humeral head Medial epicondyle of humerus pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal bone Ulnar Nerve Flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Ulnar head Medial aspect of olecranon process and posterior border of ulna pisiform bone, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal bone Ulnar Nerve Flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Humeroulnar head Medial epicondyle of humerus; medial border of coronoid process of ulna Middle phalanx of medial four fingers Median Nerve Flexes middle phalanx and assists in flexing proximal phalanx and hand
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Radial head Oblique line of anterior surface of shaft of radius Middle phalanx of medial four fingers Median Nerve Flexes middle phalanx of fingers and assists in flexing proximal phalanx and hand
Flexor Pollicis Longus Anterior surface of shaft of radius Distal phalanx of thumb Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve Flexes distal phalanx of thumb
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Anteromedial shaft of ulna Distal phalanges of medial four fingers Ulnar and Median Nerves Flexes distal phalanx of fingers; assist in flexing middle and proximal phalanges and wrist
Pronator Quadratus Anterior surface of shaft of ulna Anterior surface of shaft of radius Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve Pronates forearm
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Lateral epicondyle of humerus Posterior surface of base of 3rd metacarpal bone Deep branch of radial nerve Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint
Extensor Digitorum Lateral epicondyle of humerus Middle and distal phalanges of medial four fingers Deep branch of radial nerve Extends fingers and hand
Extensor Digiti Minimi Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansion of little finger Deep branch of radial nerve Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Lateral epicondyle of humerus Base of 5th metacarpal bone Deep branch of radial nerve Extend and adducts hand at wrist joint
Anconeus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Lateral surface of olecranon process of ulna Radial nerve Extends elbow joint
Supinator Lateral epicondyle of humerus; anular ligament of proximal radioulnar joint and ulna Neck and shaft of radius Deep branch of radial nerve Supinates forearm
Abductor Pollicis Longus Posterior surface of shafts of ulna and radius Base of 1st metacarpal bone Deep branch of radial nerve Abducts and extends thumb
Extensor Pollicis Brevis Posterior surface of shaft of radius Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Deep branch of radial nerve Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Extensor Pollicis Longus Posterior surface of shaft of ulna Base of distal phalanx of thumb Deep branch of radial nerve Extends distal phalanx of thumb
Extensor Indicis Posterior surface of shaft of ulna Extensor expansion of index finger Deep branch of radial nerve Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of index finger
Palmaris Brevis Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis Skin of palm Superficial branch of ulnar branch Corrugates skin to improve grip of palm
Lumbricals (4) Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus Extensor expansion of medial four fingers 1st and 2nd median nerve; 3rd and 4th deep branch of ulnar nerve Flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extends interphalangeal joints of fingers except thumb
Interossei (8) - Palmar (4) First arises from base of 1st metacarpal; remaining three from anterior surface of shafts of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals Proximal phalanges of thumb, index, ring and little finger; dorsal extensor expansion Deep branch of ulnar nerve Adducts fingers towards center of 3rd finger
Interossei (8) - Dorsal (4) Contiguous sides of shafts of metacarpal bones Proximal phalanges of index, middle and ring fingers; dorsal extensor expansion Deep branch of ulnar nerve Abducts fingers from center of 3rd finger
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Scaphoid, trapezium and flexor retinaculum Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Median nerve Abduction of thumb
Flexor Pollicis Brevis Flexor retinaculum Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Median nerve Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Opponens Pollicis Flexor retinaculum Shaft of metacarpophalangeal bone of thumb Median nerve Opposition of thumb
Adductor Pollicis - Oblique head: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones - Transverse head: 3rd metacarpal bone Base of distal phalanx of thumb Deep branch of ulnar nerve Adduction of thumb
Abductor Digiti Minimi Pisiform bone Base of proximal phalanx of little finger Deep branch of ulnar nerve Abducts little finger
Flexor Digiti Minimi Flexor retinaculum Base of proximal phalanx of little finger Deep branch of ulnar nerve Flexes little finger
Opponens Digiti Minimi Flexor retinaculum Medial border of 5th metacarpal bone Deep branch of ulnar nerve Pulls fifth metacarpal bone as in cupping the palm
Brachioradialis Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Base of styloid process of radius Radial nerve Flexes forearm at ridge of humerus; rotates forearm to midprone position
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Posterior surface of base of 2nd metacarpal bone Radial nerve Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint
Created by: mallamelo
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