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Lit Terms+Allusions
For allusions & mythology, they are meant to be studied term 1st, definition 2nd
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allegory | Hidden story within a surface level story; usually relates to political or social |
| Analogy | Two things that don’t typically go together are compared for their mutual qualities |
| Antagonist | Opposite of main character in a story (typically a villain, but not in every case) |
| Characterization | When an author uses details to reveal things about a person in a story. Developed over the course of the story. |
| Conflict | Struggle between two opposing forces; adds uncertainty to the story (whether or not goal will be achieved) |
| Internal Conflict | Conflict with one’s self; inner struggle |
| External Conflict | Conflict with others; could be outside world, or society |
| Connotation | An extra meaning or feeling a word has, in addition to its primary meaning. Emotions or meanings implied by a word; positive or negative extension of a word’s literal definition. |
| Denotation | A word’s literal meaning / definition |
| Flashback | Transports the audience from the present moment in a narrative to a scene / moment from the past. Can help further explain and develop plot-points and characters. |
| Foreshadowing | Gives the audience signs about what is to come in the future. Doesn’t spoil the future, but gives a warning / suggestion about what is going to happen. |
| Hyperbole | Something exaggerated to the extreme; used for emphasis and/or humor |
| Imagery | Language used by authors to paint pictures or images in the mind of the audience; uses figurative and metaphorical language to enhance the sensory experience of the reader |
| Irony | When the opposite result of what is expected to occur happens; often humorous or shocking in some way |
| Verbal Irony | Where a person says or writes one thing and means another; speaker has to know that what they are saying is incorrect |
| Situational Irony | The irony of something happening that is very different to what was expected |
| Dramatic Irony | Audience knows something the characters in the story don’t |
| Metaphor | Direct comparison between two unrelated things. |
| Mood | The emotion that the author wants the reader to experience while reading |
| Narrator | A person who tells a story or gives an account of something |
| Onomatopoeia | Words used to sound like a certain descriptive noise |
| Personification | Giving non-living beings human attributes |
| Point of View | The viewpoint of the character who is the storyteller |
| Protagonist | Typically the main person within a story |
| Setting | The location and the hour it takes place; also includes the culture of the location and time period |
| Simile | The comparison of two things while using like or as |
| Soliloquy | A type of long speech of a character; not directly spoken to someone |
| Stereotype | Assuming that a group of people are all the same |
| Symbol | An object that stands for something else |
| Syntax | The organization of words to have a correct structured sentence |
| Theme | The main idea of a text |
| Tone | The way in which the author expresses emotions; feeling of a piece of writing; established by environment, word choice, and diction |
| Abraham & Isaac | Abraham is told by God to slaughter his son (Isaac) as a test; shows that at the conclusion of a difficult situation, loyalty and faith are rewarded |
| Adam & Eve | Eve was tempted by the serpent to eat the fruit from a forbidden tree and God curses both Adam and Eve; represents temptation and sin |
| Cain & Abel | Cain killed his brother out of jealousy; conflict between people |
| Daniel & the Lions | Daniel was thrown into the lion's den for continuing to pray to God. An angel was sent to protect him. Story about maintaining faith and being rewarded for it. |
| David & Absalom | Absalom turned everyone against David (his dad) in an attempt to overthrow him. David ended up being the chosen one by God and Absalom was killed. |
| David & Bathsheba | David had an affair with Bathsheba &she became pregnant. He arranged the killing of Bathsheba’s husband to hide the truth. The child died when it was born as punishment from God. Later, David had another son (Salomon- the wisest man) with his first wife. |
| David & Goliath | Ordinary shepherd boy (David) defeated a giant (Goliath); overcoming a seemingly impossible obstacle; weak vs. strong; underdog story |
| Garden of Eden | Perfect place for Adam and Eve; represents a beautiful place |
| Garden of Gethsemane | Prior to his crucifixion, Jesus prayed here; holds strong religious meaning |
| Good Samaritan | Only one, good man stops to help someone that nobody else bothered to help. The good man helped someone he didn’t like. |
| Job | Follower of God tormented by Satan that still remained faithful; represents patience and perseverance / resilience |
| Joseph & His Brothers | Joseph became a powerful figure in Egypt after being brutalized by his brothers. A story of forgiveness and reconciliation. |
| Judas Iscariot | Disciple who betrayed Jesus; represents betrayal / breaking of trust; kiss of death (Judas kissed Jesus to signify that it was him) |
| Lazarus | Jesus brought him back to life after four days; miracle |
| Lot | His wife disobeyed two angels and was turned into a pillar of salt. |
| Lucifer | The devil; he was an angel baby who defied God and then became evil; was God’s right hand man |
| Moses | Led Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and parted the Red Sea so they could cross through. |
| Noah | Builder of the Ark that survived God’s flood of the world. |
| Pharisees | Talked about how good he was to God; story of faithfulness |
| Prodigal Son | Son wasted his inheritance and is then greeted by his father; represents wastefulness while hoping for forgiveness / a free pass |
| Ruth | Marries Boaz; acts as a symbol of loyalty and devotion |
| Holy Grail | The cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper was believed to hold miraculous powers; represents something unattainable |
| Achilles | Strongest warrior / hero in Trojan War; Achilles Heel = weakness |
| Agamemnon | Leads Greek army and suffered tragic death; serves as a warning of the dangers of selfishness; symbol of deceit and greed for deceiving army |
| Apollo | God of music, poetry, art, oracles, archery, plague, medicine, sun, light and knowledge |
| Ares | God of war; bad guy |
| Daedalus & Icarus | Daedalus made wings for himself and his son, Icarus, but Icarus flew too close to the sun. His wings fell off because the wax holding them together melted. He fell into the ocean and died. Idea of being too pompous and cocky. |
| Eurydice & Orpheus | Orpheus travels to the underworld and back in an attempt to save his deceased wife, Eurydice. |
| Muses | The 9 Goddesses of literature, science, and arts. Entertainment for the Gods on Mount Olympus; a muse gives you inspiration |
| Pan | Half man, half goat. God of the wild; represents chaos |
| Persephone & Demeter | Demeter, Goddess of Agriculture, refused to let anything grow after the abduction of her daughter, Persephone; story of a mother’s love; explanation for the seasons |
| Poseidon | God of the seas, storms, earthquakes, and horses. Brother of Zeus and Hades |
| Prometheus | A Titan and God of fire; stole fire from the Gods and gave it to the humans; was tortured by the Gods |
| Styx | Main underworld river used to transport souls of the dead |
| Venus | Roman goddess of cultivated fields; associated with femininity; Greek counterpart is Aphrodite |
| Zeus | God of the sky; controlled thunder, rain, and winds. Considered the father of men; ruled all other gods; frequent relations with mortal women |
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Rylee11
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