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Science QB:Biology
Chemical Elements
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| One disease associated with this organelle is caused by an accumulation of sphingomyelin | Lysosome |
| The Golgi Body tags all enzymes that are destined to go to this organelle with mannose-6-phosphate | Lysosome |
| Hexosaminidase A or HEXA is a gene in this organelle whose absence results in (*) Tay-Sachs Disease | Lysosome |
| This organelle contains hydrolases and lipases in its acidic interior | Lysosome |
| name this organelle that digests waste in plant and animal cells | Lysosome |
| Neurons in cell groups A8 to A14 located in the midbrain are primarily involved in the production of this compound | Dopamine |
| The mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways transmit this neurotransmitter from the ventral tegmental area, which is why repeated activation of that area is a sign of (*) drug addiction | Dopamine |
| he substantia nigra produces this neurotransmitter from L-DOPA | Dopamine |
| name this neurotransmitter which is involved in the pleasure-reward pathway, whose absence is a symptom of depression. | Dopamine |
| Parvovirus B19 leads to the temporary absence of the production of these cells | red blood cells [or erythrocytes] |
| These cells can stack as a result of abnormal quantities of certain proteins including immunoglobulin and fibrinogen, forming rouleaux | red blood cells [or erythrocytes] |
| Pronormoblasts are the earliest stage in the production of these cells, which mature in (*) bone marrow | red blood cells [or erythrocytes] |
| An oxygen-carrying protein on these cells contains two alpha and two beta subunits; that protein is hemoglobin | red blood cells [or erythrocytes] |
| name these cells that carry oxygen through the circulatory system. | red blood cells [or erythrocytes] |
| The presence of multiple small instances of this organ characterizes Chaudhary’s Disease | spleen |
| Howell-Jolly bodies are remnants of nuclei of a type of cell typically destroyed in this organ | spleen |
| It’s not the liver, but this organ contains Malpighian corpuscles to help produce white blood cells | spleen |
| This organ’s (*) Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheaths, or PALS, make up this organ’s white pulp, and it also contains red pulp | spleen |
| Injuries to the abdomen may rupture, for 10 points, what organ in the lymphatic system that filters red blood cells? | spleen |
| This organ absorbs vitamin B12 through a glycoprotein called its intrinsic factor. | stomach |
| The pyloric sphincter connects this organ to the small intestine | stomach |
| Through its enterochromaffin-like cells, this organ secretes histamine in response to the production of (*) gastrin which is secreted by its G-cells | stomach |
| Chief cells in this organ produce digestive enzymes like pepsin, whereas its parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid | stomach |
| name this organ that plays a role in digestion and is located between the small intestine and esophagus. | stomach |
| A disease called Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a rare neuromuscular disorder that is caused by a defect in this organelle | Mitochondria |
| Beta-oxidation occurs in this organelle and peroxisomes to metabolize fatty acids and produce Acetyl-CoA | Mitochondria |
| Folds in the inner membrane of this organelle are called (*) cristae | Mitochondria |
| The citric acid cycle takes place in this organelle | Mitochondria |
| name this organelle which is the site of the Electron Transport Chain, nicknamed the “powerhouse” of the cell. | Mitochondria |
| The EF hand is a helix–loop–helix structural domain motif found in a large family of proteins that bind to this element | Calcium |
| After phospholipase C is turned into DAG and IP3 in a common signal transduction pathway, this second messenger is released form the (*) Endoplasmic Reticulum | Calcium |
| The release of this element from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and its subsequent binding to troponin results in muscle contraction | Calcium |
| name this element with symbol Ca, found in bones and milk. | Calcium |
| Arbacia punctulata is a model organism in this phylum which is studied because of its transparent eggs | Echinodermata [or Echinoderms] |
| The skeletons of organisms in this phylum are made up of a spongy calcium carbonate named stereom | Echinodermata [or Echinoderms] |
| Aristotle’s Lantern is an intricate mouth apparatus located on the underside of the bodies of members of this phylum | Echinodermata [or Echinoderms] |
| Crinoidea and Asteroidea are two classes of this phylum | Echinodermata [or Echinoderms] |
| Organisms in this phylum have tube feet that regulate their water vascular system | Echinodermata [or Echinoderms] |
| name this phylum containing sea urchins and sea stars that is named for its members’ spiny skin. | Echinodermata [or Echinoderms] |
| In a paracrine signaling mechanism, organisms in this taxon secrete “A” mating factors and alpha mating factors | Fungi |
| The Pombe genus in this taxon grows from their cell tips and divides via fission | Fungi |
| Beadle and Tatum’s work on a member of this kingdom helped to further their “one gene, one enzyme” hypothesis | Fungi |
| Organisms in this taxon form mutualistic relationships with (*) plant roots in mycorrhizae | Fungi |
| The hyphae of members of this taxon form a network called a mycelium | Fungi |
| name this kingdom that includes yeast, molds, and mushrooms. | Fungi |
| In this anatomical region, a Chiari malformation occurs when tissue from it extends into the spinal canal | Cerebellum |
| Climbing fibers are a series of neuronal projections from the medulla inferior olivary nucleus that form connections with cells in this organ; those cells are called (*) Purkinje cells | Cerebellum |
| The Fastigial, Interposed, and Dentate nuclei make up the “deep” nuclei of this organ, which is located under the Cerebrum | Cerebellum |
| name this organ responsible for coordination and movement, with a name that means “little brain” in Latin. | Cerebellum |
| This condition may be indicated by a bluish discoloration known as Chadwick’s sign | pregnancy |
| A tightening sensation named for John Braxton Hicks occurs in some people with this condition | pregnancy |
| Many tests for this condition look for high levels of the hormone hCG | pregnancy |
| People with this condition are advised to take folic acid supplements to reduce the chance of (*) spina bifida [SPY-nuh BIH-fih-duh] and anencephaly | pregnancy |
| This condition’s ectopic [ek-TOP-ik] form, which can be deadly if untreated, may result from implantation in the Fallopian tube | pregnancy |
| An obstetric ultrasound is used to detect, for 10 points, what condition of having developing offspring in the uterus? | pregnancy |
| A process synthesizing this compound uses PEP carboxykinase [pehp car-BOX-ee-KAI-nayss] in its rate-controlling step | glucose |
| Two subunits of this compound comprise a molecule named after germinating seeds, or malt | glucose |
| This compound is first acted upon by hexokinase [HEX-oh-KAI-nayss] during its breakdown within the (*) cytosol | glucose |
| The human body polymerizes this compound into glycogen [GLY-kuh-jen], while plants polymerize this compound into cellulose and starch | glucose |
| High blood levels of this compound are caused by impaired insulin signaling in diabetes. | glucose |
| name this six-carbon sugar produced by photosynthesis. | glucose |
| Apoplastic transport in these organs is blocked by the Casparian strip, forcing solutes to move through endodermal cells | roots |
| The “cap” of these organs contains columella cells which sense gravity using auxins | roots |
| Epiphytes often have “aerial” examples of these organs, and certain mangroves have (*) upward-growing examples called pneumatophores | roots |
| These organs often form associations with fungi known as mycorrhizas | roots |
| The “tap-” variety of these organs is sometimes modified to store nutrients | roots |
| Tiny“hairs” on these organs provide surface area to absorb water | roots |
| name these branched organs that anchor plants into the ground. | roots |
| These structures make up the iridescent “combs” of comb jellies. | cilia |
| Vorticella [vor-tih-SELL-uh] and Stentor belong to a phylum named for these structures in which cells have two differently sized nuclei | cilia |
| The “primary”type of these structures is involved in cell signaling rather than movement and contains a “nine plus zero”arrangement of (*) microtubules | cilia |
| Other examples of these structures push dirt and mucus out of the human respiratory tract through a continuous beating motion, which is contrasted with the whip- or corkscrew-like motion of flagella | cilia |
| name these cellular structures that resemble hairs. | cilia |
| This substance contains Christmas factor and von Willebrand factor to support adhesion between cell fragments | blood |
| A “pernicious” disorder affecting this substance is caused by an inability to absorb vitamin B12 | blood |
| The vaccine RhoGAM [ROH-gam] was developed for a chemical in this substance that was first isolated from rhesus monkeys | blood |
| A (*) sphygmomanometer [SFIG-moh-muh-NOM-it-ur] measures a quantity in this substance that has systolic [siss-TALL-ick] and diastolic forms | blood |
| In this substance, thrombin signals the aggregation of platelets [PLATE-lets] during coagulation | blood |
| name this fluid that carries oxygen throughout the body. | blood |
| In archaea [ar-KEE-uh], this structure may consist of methano•chon•droitin or pseudo•murein | cell wall |
| Formation of this structure is inhibited by cephalo•sporins and penicillins. In plants, plasmodesmata offer a path through this structure, which is held together by pectins | cell wall |
| Whether this structure can hold onto a crystal violet stain is used to classify (*) bacteria as Gram-positive or Gram-negative | cell wall |
| In bacteria, this structure lies below the starch capsule and consists of peptido•glycan, while in fungi, this structure is instead made of chitin | cell wall |
| For 10 points, name this rigid outer layer of a cell, which in plants consists of cellulose | cell wall |
| Hypertrophy of this structure’s ligamenta flava can led to stenosis | spine |
| Parts of this structure have pedicles that attach to transverse and superior articular processes | spine |
| VCFS and burst fractures in this structure cause damage to tissue within it responsible for motor function | spine |
| In Scheuermann’s (*) Kyphosis, parts of this structure become wedged together in its thoracic or lumbar region | spine |
| This structure takes an S or C shape in scoliosis | spine |
| Herniated discs lay between 33 vertically stacked bones that make up this structure that ends at the coccyx | spine |
| name this long series of bones that runs down the back. | spine |
| One form of these cells common in gut mucosa contains a gamma delta receptor instead of an alpha beta receptor | T cells |
| Overproduction of IL-10 and TNF-alpha by these cells can cause chronic inflammation | T cells |
| ICOS and OX40 receptors are expressed on these cells, whose “invariant” type fights obesity and can rapidly produce cytokines | T cells |
| The (*) MHC complex is found in CD4 and CD8 types of these cells, which bind to antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages | T cells |
| These cells have “cytotoxic” and “helper” varieties | T cells |
| name these lymphocytes that mature in the thymus and control the immune response alongside B cells. | T cells |
| These organelles are the target location of structures whose formation is mediated by P13K. | lysosome |
| They malfunction in Niemann-Pick disease, and swelling of the liver and spleen may result from a deficiency of LAL, an enzyme that hydrolyses cholesterol esters in these organelles. | Lysosome |
| One disease of these organelles results in the accumulation of gangliosides. | lysosomes |
| Mannose-6-phosphate targets proteins to these organelles, which may malfunction in Tay-Sachs disease and are the site of autophagy. | lysosomes |
| They use proton pumps to maintain an internal pH of 4.8 and contain lipases and hydrolases. | lysosomes |
| For 10 points, name these digestive organelles that break down cell components. | lysosomes |
Created by:
JASPERGRUHL
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