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NETW202 Ch 5
OSI Network Layer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Route | Path through an inter-network through which packets are forwarded. |
| IP Header | The header defined by the IP. Used to create IP packets by encapsulating data supplied by a higher-layer protocol (such as TCP) behind and IP header. |
| Routing | Router gets incoming frame, discards data-link header/trailer, makes a forwarding decision base on the destination IP address, adds a new data-link header and trailer based on the outgoing interface, and forwards the new frame out the outgoing interface. |
| hop | The passage of a data packet between two network nodes (like two routers) |
| Directly Connected Network | A network that is connected to a device's interface. |
| Connection Oriented | Communication where the sender and receiver must pre-arrange for communications to occur; otherwise, the communication fails. |
| Connectionless | Any communication in which the sender and receiver do not pre-arrange for communications to occur. |
| overhead | Resources used to manage or operate the network. Overhead consumes bandwidth and reduces the amount of application data that can be transported across the network. |
| best-effort | Network protocols or technologies that do no use the acknowledgment system to guarantee reliable delivery of information. |
| media independent | The network layers whose processes are not affected by the media being used. In Ethernet, these are all the layers from the LLC sublayer of data link upward. |
| maximum transmission unit (MTU) | The largest IP packet size allowed to be sent out a particular interface. Ethernet interfaces default to an MTU of 1500 because the data field of an Ethernet frame should be limited to 1500 bytes. |
| Fragmentation | The dividing of IP data-grams to meet the MTU requirements of a Layer 2 (Date-Link) protocol. |
| Time to Live (TTL) | A field in the IP header that prevents a packet from indefinitely looping around an IP inter-network. |
| Subnetwork | A group of IP addresses that have the same value in the first part of the IP addresses, for the purpose of allowing routing to identify the group by that initial part of the address. |
| Broadcast Domain | A form of transmission where one device transmits to all devices within the network or on another network. |
| Hierarchical addressing | An addressing scheme in which a network is partitioned into sections, with the section identifier forming one part of each destination's address and the destination identifier forming another. |
| octets | A group of 8 binary bits. 1 of 4 components that make up an IPv4 dotted decimal address. |
| default gateway | A device on the network that serves as an access point to other networks. A default gateway is used by a host to forward IP packets that have destination addresses outside the local subnet. |
| routing table | A list that a router holds in memory for the purpose of deciding how to forward packets. |
| static route | An entry in an IP routing table that was created because a network engineer entered the routing information into the router's configuration. |
| dynamic routing | Routing that adjusts automatically to network topology or traffic changes. |
| routing protocol | A protocol used between routers so that they can learn routes to add to their routing tables. |
| Which protocol provides connectionless network layer services? IP, TCP, UDB, or OSI? | IP |
| What two commands can be used to view a host’s routing table? | netstat –r or route print |
| Give 3 pieces of information about a route that a routing table contains. | A routing table contains the next hop, metric, and destination network address. |
| What 3 kinds of problems are caused by excessive broadcast traffic on a network segment? | It consumes network bandwidth, Increases overhead on the network, and Interrupts other host functions. |
| What are 3 key factors to consider when grouping hosts into a common network? | Purpose, ownership, and geographic location. |
| Give two characteristics of IP. | It is the most common network layer protocol and it encapsulates transport layer segments. |
| What is the name of the process of removing the OSI Layer 2 information from an IP packet? | Decapsulation |
| T/F – IP is used by both routers and hosts. | True |
| T/F – Network layer encapsulation adds source/destination IP addresses and a header to a segment. | True |
| Compare TCP and IP; Which is reliable and which is connection oriented? | TCP is reliable, IP is not. IP is connectionless, TCP is connection oriented. |
| Why is IP “media independent”? | It works the same on all Layer 1 media. |
| TCP is a _________ layer protocol. | Transport (Layer 4) |
| How many bits are in an IPv4 address? | 32-bits made up of 4 octets which contain 8 bits each. |
| List a single trait for static routing and one for dynamic routing. | Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead. A default route is an example of a static route. |
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