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The Human Body
Anatomy and Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | the structure of the body parts and their relationships |
| Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy | what can be seen with the naked eye |
| Regional Anatomy | structures in a certain area studied at the same time |
| Systemic Anatomy | studying system by system at a time |
| Surface Anatomy | internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin |
| Microscopic Anatomy | what cannot be seen with the naked eye |
| Developmental Anatomy + Embryology | structural changes throughout life and before birth |
| Physiology | how something functions; its job; reveals the body's dynamic nature |
| Principle of Complementarity | what a structure can do depends on its specific form |
| Maintaining Boundaries | cell membranes, integument/skin |
| Movement | blood, food, urine, not just moving from point A to point B |
| Responsiveness | sense a change and react to it |
| Digestion | breaking down food into usable molecules |
| Metabolism | all chemical reactions in the body's cells |
| Excretion | removes metabolic/cellular waste |
| Reproduction | cellular, not just organismal level |
| Growth | constructive > destructive activities |
| Nervous System | brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves; fast acting system of the body |
| Cardiovascular/Circulatory System | composed of the heart and blood vessels; the blood vessels transport blood throughout the body |
| Respiratory System | composed of nasal cavity, larynx (voicebox), pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs; keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide and responsible for breathing and gas exchange |
| Digestive System | Composed of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, and liver; breaks food down into absorbable units that enter the blood |
| Male Reproductive System | testes produce sperm and male sex hormones, ducts and glands deliver sperm to female reproductive tract for fertilization |
| Female Reproductive System | Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones, fallopian tubes and uterus serve as sites for fertilization and development of a fetus |
| Urinary/Excretory/Renal System | composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra; eliminates metabolic nitrogenous wastes from the body, regulates water, electrolyte, and pH balance of blood |
| Integumentary System | forms the external body covering; two layers, epidermis and dermis; composed of the skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails; protects deep tissues from injury, temperature regulation, and synthesizes vitamin D |
| Skeletal System | composed of bone, cartilage, and ligaments; protects and supports body organs, provides framework for muscles, site of blood cells formation, and stores minerals |
| Muscular System | composed of muscles and tendons, allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression, maintains posture, and produces heat |
| Lymphatic System | closely related to the circulatory and immune systems; composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and tonsils; picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood |
| Immune System | fights infection from viruses and bacteria and other foreign antigens; made up of organs in the lymphatic, integument systems, and mucous membranes. Special cells: leukocytes (WBC) & lymphocytes (B & T cells) |
| Endocrine System | consists of glands that secrete hormones, regulates processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use |
Created by:
emmie_studies
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