Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Physiology Ch. 2

Atoms/Ions

TermDefinition
HCO3 - Bicarbonate
PO4 3- Phosphate
CO3 - Carbonate
SO4 2- Sulfate
NO3 - Nitrate
Ionic bonds Metal + nonmetal. Dissociates in water, lattice as solid, bound by electromagnetic forces
Molecular formula Indicated # and type of atoms
Structural formula Indicates #, type, and arrangement of atoms (OCO). Allows differentiation of isomers
Covalent bonds Nonmetal + nonmetal
Electronegativity Relative attraction of electron by atom
Polar covalent bond From dissimilar covalent bond; unequal sharing. WATER
Nonpolar covalent bond When 2 molec's electronegativity are similar.
Amphipathic molecules Have region of polar and region of nonpolar
Hydrogen bonding Occurs in proteins to fold them and DNA.
Free radicals Molecules with unpaired electrons in outermost orbital. Are unstable and highly reactive, and cause damage to their surroundings.
Hydrolysis Breaking down of molecules using H2O
Dehydration synthesis Molecules are assembled by removing H2O
Osmosis low solute conc. to high. Simple movement of H2O
H2O is the ______ solvent. Universal. Surrounds substances in hydration shell
Hydrophilic "water loving"
Hydrophobic "water fearing" Fats and cholesteral
Hydrophobic exclusion H2O molecules force out nonpolar molecules
Hydrophobic interaction Excluded molecules
Acid Proton donors ( HA -> H+ + anion)
Base Proton acceptors (B- + H+ -> HB)
Buffers Help precent pH change by accepting or donating H+ to neutralize acids/bases
Blood pH 7.35 to 7.45
Mixtures Substances not chemically changed and able to be physically seperated
Suspension Material greater than 1mm mixed with water. Appears cloudy
Colloid Smaller molecules than suspension but larger than solution
Solution Solute dissolved in solvent
Molarity mol/L
Molality mol (soln)/kg (solv)
Osmoles Measures number of particles in solution
Osmolarity # particles/Lsoln
Osmolality # particles/kg H2O
Osmolality of blood 300 m
Macromolecules Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, proteins
Anabolism Dehydration synthesis, small -> large molecules
Catabolism Hydrolysis, large -> small molecules
Lipids Contain C, H, and O. Nonpolar. Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, eicosanoids
Unsaturated Contains double bond(s)
Saturated All single bonds (Every C has enough H)
Triglycerides 3 fatty acids + glycerol. Type of lipid
Phospholipids Amphipathic, same as triglycerides but one side of glycerol has polar phosphate group
Steriods Type of lipid that is hydrophobic. 4 carbon rings, includes cholesterol
Eicosanoids Family of molecules made from fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA), present in phospholipids.
Most animal fats are ______ Saturated
Most vegetable fats are ______ Unsaturated
Carbohydrates (CH2O)n
Monosaccharides Glucose, cructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose
Disaccharides Formed by 2 monosaccharides. Sucrose and lactose
Polysaccharides Many monosaccharides. Glycogen, starch, cellulose
Glucose 6C carbohydrate that is important for neurons for energy. Is what is measured when blood is taken.
Glycogen Lots of glucose put together in liver
Nucleic acids DNA and RNA, composed of nucleotides
Adenine Triphosphate Releases energy when broken, is nucleotide
Purines Double ring nitrogenous bases. A and G
Nucleotide Monomer of nucleic acids made of sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
Pyrimidines Single ring nitrogenous base (C, T, and U)
Proteins C, H, O, N, and small amounts of other elements. Made of amino acids and humans need 20. Functions as catalysts, defense, transport, movement, support, regulation, and storage
Peptide bond Bond type that links amino acids
Primary Structure Protein structure determined by amino acid chain. Linear
Secondary Structure Protein structure about the folding into alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
Tertiary Structure Protein structure where hydrogen bonding allows protein to further fold
Quaternary Structure Protein structure where multiple proteins interact
Denaturation Affects 2, 3, and 4 structures of protein. Protein unravels, usually due to heat or pH change.
Created by: RunningMads
Popular Physiology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards