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Physiology Ch. 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Properties of all organisms (6) | Organization, metabolism, growth and development, responsiveness to stimuli, regulation (homeostasis), and reproduction |
| Life depends of 5 environmental factors: | Water, food, heat, oxygen, and pressure (atmospheric) |
| Epithelial tissue | Covers and linings; for secretion, adsorption, or protection. Anchors on basement membrane. |
| Tight junctions | Extracellular barriers between epithelia so they can form boundaries between body compartments |
| Connective tissue | Most abundant tissue, main protein is collagen. Involved in structure and support, derived from embryonic mesoderm |
| Mesoderm | Embryonic tissue type that becomes connective tissue |
| Skeletal | Most abundant muscle tissue by mass, striated and responsible for movement of skeleton |
| Cardiac | Striated muscle type in heart that pumps blood through capillary beds |
| Smooth | Non-striated muscle type in walls of hollow organs (GI tract, urinary bladder, etc.) |
| Loose (areolar) | CT type that holds organs and epithelia in place |
| Dense | CT type that forms ligaments and tendons |
| Elastic | CT type that is bundles of protein in extracellular matrix |
| Reticular | CT type of soft skeleton to support lymphoid organs |
| Adipose | Ct type of body fat. Cushions, insulates, lubricates, and acts as energy |
| Specialized | CT type of blood, bone, and cartilage |
| Nervous tissue | Generates electrical signals |
| Muscle tissue | Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac |
| Neuron | Functional unit of nervous system. Includes cell body, axon, and dendrites |
| NT's can be _____ or ______. | Excitatory, inhibitory |
| ECF | Fluid outside of cells and in blood (Includes ISF plus plasma) |
| ISF | Interstitial fluid. Park of ECF that lies around and between cells but not in plasma in space called interstitium. |
| Interstitium | Space between cells where ISF resides. |
| ICF | Fluid inside cells. |
| The ICF is _______ than the ECF and ISF. This difference helps cells ________. | Much greater, regulate their activity |
| Homeostasis | Ability of organism to maintain constant internal environment in response to changes in internal/external environment by moving substances into or out of cells. |
| Homeostasis process: | Stimulus causes change in variable -> receptors -> control center -> effector -> response |
| Effector | Is structure that brings change to alter stimulus |
| Control center | In homeostatic process, interprets input from receptor and initiates effector |
| Negative feedback loop | Most body processes; resulting action is opposite direction of stimulus. Limits chaos by creating stability. Ex: homeostasis and temperature regulation |
| Positive feedback loop | Loop that reinforces stimulus to go in same direction until a specific event, where body returns to homeostasis. Inc instability, inc chaos, short-lived. Ex: Labor and delivery, immune response |
| Reflex arc | 1. Stimulus 2. Receptor 3. Afferent pathway 4. Integration center 5. Efferent pathway 6. Effector |
| Afferent pathway | From receptor to integration center in reflex arc |
| Efferent pathway | From integration center to effector in reflex arc |
| Integration center | Place in reflex arc where many receptors' signals are made into a net output |
| Horomones | Type of signal produced by endocrine glands and travel via blood |
| Neurotransmitters | Type of signal made of chemicals from synapse of neurons to other neurons, muscle, or gland cells |
| Paracrine substance | Type of signal that goes to adjacent cells |
| Autocrine substance | Type of signal that acts of the same cell that secreter substance |
| Gap Junctions | Physical links between cytosols of 2 cells so molecs can move w/o entering ECF |
| Juxtacrine signaling | Type of cell communication where chemical messenger is not released from cell, but is rather located in its plasma membrane and can connect with another cell that way. |
Created by:
RunningMads
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