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J277 1.3.1

Networks and topologies

TermDefinition
Internet A worldwide network of computer networks; the hardware the WWW is stored on
Router Device that receives and forwards data packets to the appropriate parts of a computer network
Packet Formatted unit of data sent across networks
Server Software that provides services to a client, or the hardware that is running it
Star Network Topology that features a central connection point such as a switch or server
Network Interface Controller Circuit board installed into a computer to allow it to connect to networks
Web Browser An application used to browse the web
Search Engine An application used to search the index of the WWW
Bandwidth The amount of data that can be transmitted across a network e.g. 60mbps
Network One or more computers connected together
HTML The main markup language used for displaying web pages in a browser
LAN (Local Area Network) Where computers are connected in a small geographical area and the hardware is owned by the organisation
WAN (Wide Area Network) Where LANs are connected in different geographical locations and the hardware is owned by the ISP
Latency The amount of delay from sending a request to a server until it is answered
Fibre Optic Cable The fastest cable for data transfer which uses beams of light
CAT5 Copper based cable used to connect devices to a switch/hub/server. Often called Ethernet
Topology The layout of the network e.g. star, bus, ring
Coaxial Cables Made of a single copper wire surrounded by plastic for insulation. Used for TV aerials
Client A computer connected to a network which sends requests to a server
Client–server network A system where multiple devices connect to a central server for data and resource sharing
Peer–Peer Network All devices are equal connecting directly without a server
Mesh Topology Decentralised network layout where devices are connected without a central server
Cloud Using the Internet as remote service provision(e.g.storage,software, processing)
Hosting When a business uses its servers to store files for another organisation
Web Server A type of server used to host websites so they are always available
File Server A type of server used for file storage/retrieval on the cloud
Virtual Network A network which is entirely software based
DNS (Domain Name System) System that translates human–readable URLS (such as www.example.com) into IP addresses (such as 192.168.0.1)
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) A human readable website address e.g. www.bbc.co.uk
Protocol A set of rules for transferring data
Mac Address A unique number permanently assigned to every physical interface on a computer network
IP Address Unique number assigned to every computer or device connected to the Internet
WWW World Wide Web, a collection of web pages stored on the internet
VOIP Voice over IP, communication online via video and audio
Ethernet A wired network protocol used in LANs
Network standard Provides rules for areas of computing allowing hardware/software to interact across different manufacturers/producers
WIFI The standard for wireless networks using 2 frequencies 2.4GHz and 5GHz
Bluetooth A wireless technology that allows devices to communicate and exchange data over short distances
Static IP An IP address which doesn’t change usually used for websites
Dynamic IP An IP which can change and are assigned by the network server
Packet Switching Used by routers to direct data packets on the internet and other IP networks
Layers A specific level or division of tasks within a protocol during the communication process
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) Protocol used for transmitting data over the internet
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) Protocol used for transmitting web pages and other content over the internet
HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) Secure version of HTTP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Protocol used for transferring files between computers over the internet
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Protocol used for sending email messages between servers
POP3 (PostOfficeProtocol) Protocol used for downloading email messages onto the device
Created by: weirdog
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