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J277 1.3.1
Networks and topologies
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Internet | A worldwide network of computer networks; the hardware the WWW is stored on |
| Router | Device that receives and forwards data packets to the appropriate parts of a computer network |
| Packet | Formatted unit of data sent across networks |
| Server | Software that provides services to a client, or the hardware that is running it |
| Star Network | Topology that features a central connection point such as a switch or server |
| Network Interface Controller | Circuit board installed into a computer to allow it to connect to networks |
| Web Browser | An application used to browse the web |
| Search Engine | An application used to search the index of the WWW |
| Bandwidth | The amount of data that can be transmitted across a network e.g. 60mbps |
| Network | One or more computers connected together |
| HTML | The main markup language used for displaying web pages in a browser |
| LAN (Local Area Network) | Where computers are connected in a small geographical area and the hardware is owned by the organisation |
| WAN (Wide Area Network) | Where LANs are connected in different geographical locations and the hardware is owned by the ISP |
| Latency | The amount of delay from sending a request to a server until it is answered |
| Fibre Optic Cable | The fastest cable for data transfer which uses beams of light |
| CAT5 | Copper based cable used to connect devices to a switch/hub/server. Often called Ethernet |
| Topology | The layout of the network e.g. star, bus, ring |
| Coaxial Cables | Made of a single copper wire surrounded by plastic for insulation. Used for TV aerials |
| Client | A computer connected to a network which sends requests to a server |
| Client–server network | A system where multiple devices connect to a central server for data and resource sharing |
| Peer–Peer Network | All devices are equal connecting directly without a server |
| Mesh Topology | Decentralised network layout where devices are connected without a central server |
| Cloud | Using the Internet as remote service provision(e.g.storage,software, processing) |
| Hosting | When a business uses its servers to store files for another organisation |
| Web Server | A type of server used to host websites so they are always available |
| File Server | A type of server used for file storage/retrieval on the cloud |
| Virtual Network | A network which is entirely software based |
| DNS (Domain Name System) | System that translates human–readable URLS (such as www.example.com) into IP addresses (such as 192.168.0.1) |
| URL (Uniform Resource Locator) | A human readable website address e.g. www.bbc.co.uk |
| Protocol | A set of rules for transferring data |
| Mac Address | A unique number permanently assigned to every physical interface on a computer network |
| IP Address | Unique number assigned to every computer or device connected to the Internet |
| WWW | World Wide Web, a collection of web pages stored on the internet |
| VOIP | Voice over IP, communication online via video and audio |
| Ethernet | A wired network protocol used in LANs |
| Network standard | Provides rules for areas of computing allowing hardware/software to interact across different manufacturers/producers |
| WIFI | The standard for wireless networks using 2 frequencies 2.4GHz and 5GHz |
| Bluetooth | A wireless technology that allows devices to communicate and exchange data over short distances |
| Static IP | An IP address which doesn’t change usually used for websites |
| Dynamic IP | An IP which can change and are assigned by the network server |
| Packet Switching | Used by routers to direct data packets on the internet and other IP networks |
| Layers | A specific level or division of tasks within a protocol during the communication process |
| TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) | Protocol used for transmitting data over the internet |
| HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) | Protocol used for transmitting web pages and other content over the internet |
| HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) | Secure version of HTTP |
| FTP (File Transfer Protocol) | Protocol used for transferring files between computers over the internet |
| SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) | Protocol used for sending email messages between servers |
| POP3 (PostOfficeProtocol) | Protocol used for downloading email messages onto the device |
Created by:
weirdog
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