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BIOCHEM Lesson 1

Atomic Structure

QuestionAnswer
Greek Philosopher who suggested that the world was made of two things - empty space and “atomos” Democritus (460 BC)
Greek word for uncuttable Atomos
2 main ideas of Democritus: - Atoms are the smallest possible particle of matter/ - There are different types of atoms for each material
John Dalton's Atomic Theory (1804) 1. All matter is made of atoms. 2. Atoms of one element are all the same. 3. Atoms cannot be broken down into smaller parts. 4. Compounds form by combining atoms.
Dalton's Early Atomic Model “Billiard Ball” model - atoms as solid, hard spheres
- discovered the electron - first scientist to show the atom was made of even smaller things J.J Thomson (1897)
What atomic model did J.J Thomson use? "Plum Pudding" Model - a spherical cloud of positive charge, contained negative electrons
- he discovered the nucleus of a gold atom Ernest Rutherford (1913)
What atomic experiment did Ernest Rutherford use? Gold Foil experiment
What was Rutherford's conclusion when a few alpha particles were deflected from the gold foil? - The atom is mostly empty space. - There is a small, dense center with a positive charge. - discovered the nucleus in atoms
smallest particle of an element that can exist alone Atom
it is the center region of the atom, made up of protons and neutrons Nucleus
Area surrounding nucleus containing electrons Electron “cloud”
Approximate mass of a proton or a neutron amu
Positive charge, 1 atomic mass unit (amu); found in the nucleus Proton
Neutral charge , 1 amu; found in the nucleus Neutron
Negative charge, mass is VERY small Electron
This describes the number of protons in the nucleus and determines the identity of the element Atomic Number
Number of protons + neutrons - Units are g/mol Mass Number (Atomic Mass)
Atoms of the same element with varying numbers of neutrons Isotopes
Created by: jayhellow
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