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physiology
week 7-13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical synapses | use a chemical transmitter called a neurotransmitter to send a signal from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell |
| Excitatory neurotrans-mitters | cause depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane |
| inhibitory neurotransmitters | hyperpolarization of the postsyn-aptic membrane |
| spatial summation | If the sum of the local potentials reaches the threshold potential, voltage-gated channels in the axon membrane open, producing an action potential |
| temporal summation | when synaptic knobs stimulate a postsynaptic neuron in rapid succession, their effects can add up over a brief period to produce an action potential |
| .Partial pressure of gases | pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture of gases or a liquid |
| GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX | is the term used to describe the backward flow of stomach acid up through the LES and into the lower part of the esophagus |
| b. Gastric glands | found below the level of the pits; secrete most of the gastric juice, a mucous fluid containing digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The gastric glands contain three major secretory cells—chief cells, parietal cells, and endocrine cells |
| Functions of the stomach | 1. Reservoir for food until it is partially digested and moved farther along the GI tract 2. Secretes gastric juice to aid in digestion of food 3. Breaks food into small particles and mixes them with gastric juice 4. Secretes intrinsic factor 5. Pe |
| Primary function of the digestive system | to bring essential nutrients into the internal environment so that they are available to each cell of the body |
| Peristalsis | wavelike ripple of the muscle layer of a hollow organ; progressive motility that produces forward movement of matter along the GI tract |
| Segmentation | mixing movement; digestive reflexes cause a forward-and-backward movement with a single segment of the GI tract; helps break down food particles, mixes food and digestive juices, and brings digested food in contact with intestinal mucosa to facilitate abs |
| Bile | secreted by the liver; stored and concentrated in the gallbladder |
| Starling’s law of the capillaries | The control mechanism for water exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid consists of four types of pressure, two on one side of the capillary membrane (wall) and two on the other side |
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macy5793
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