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Study Stack
Weeks 7-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Within the nervous system, coding for the strength of a stimulus is accomplished through: | the frequency of nerve impulses. |
| Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential? | The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane. |
| The first event to occur when an adequate stimulus is applied to a neuron is: | some of the sodium channels at the point of stimulation open. |
| “Fight or flight” physiological changes include all of the following EXCEPT | constriction of respiratory airways. |
| The reticular activating system maintains. | Consciousness. |
| A _____ is a skeletal muscle or group of muscles that receives motor axons from a given spinal nerve. | myotome |
| Acetylcholine binds to _____ receptors. | cholinergic |
| The second largest part of the brain, located just below the posterior portion of the cerebrum, is the | cerebellum. |
| The cortex is capable of storing and retrieving information from both short-term and long-term. | memory. |
| Impulses sent over which of the following tracts could result in voluntary movement, especially of the hands, fingers, feet, and toes of the opposite side? | Lateral corticospinal |
| Which of the following is a correct statement? | There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs. |
| Propranolol is an example of a: | beta blocker, drug used to treat irregular heartbeats, drug used to treat hypertension. |
| Somatic motor and autonomic pathways share all of the following characteristics except: | number of neurons between central nervous system (CNS) and effector. |
| The cerebellum performs all of the following functions except: | controls cardiac function. |
| If the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | both reflex activity and sensation |
| What goes wrong in the function of insulin in type 2 diabetes? | The pancreas makes more insulin. |
| When the right cornea senses a tactile stimulus, what happens to the left eye? | blinks |
| The major hormone produced by the corpus luteum is: | progesterone. |
| The receptors responsible for sensing crude and persistent touch are the: | Ruffini corpuscles. |
| The sequence of auditory ossicles in the middle ear starting at the tympanic membrane and ending at the oval window is: | malleus, incus, and stapes. |
| The type of cells that secrete ACTH are: | corticotrophs. |
| Movement of hair cells in the organ of Corti against the _____ membrane can stimulate nerve impulse condition. | tectorial |
| When a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the phenomenon is called: | permissiveness. |
| The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the: | transcription of RNA. |
| Dynamic equilibrium depends on the functioning of the | crista ampullaris. |
| The clear and potassium-rich fluid that fills the labyrinth is | exolymph. |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? | Chemical messenger travels a short distance. |
| The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is: | hemostasis. |
| Cardiac output is determined by | stroke volume and heart rate. |
| The mechanisms of which three hormones work together to regulate blood volume? | aldosterone, ANH, and ADH |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called | leukopenia. |
| _____, a natural constituent of blood, acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in vessels. | Heparin |
| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | antigen |
| In the extrinsic pathway of stage 1 of the clotting mechanism, chemicals released from damaged tissues trigger the cascade of events that ultimately result in the formation of | prothrombin activator. |
| The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight of each red blood cell and is responsible for the red pigment is | hemoglobin. |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin. |
| The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the | endothelium. |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis. |
| Blood volume per kilogram of body weight varies inversely with: | body fat. |
| The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is: | hemodynamics. |
| Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. | protein molecules present |
| Blood pressure is measured with the aid of an apparatus known as a(n) | sphygmomanometer. |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | hematopoietic stem cells. |
| Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? | aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors |
| The heart begins beating in the fetus at about what stage of development? | After about 4 weeks |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | diapedesis. |
| In the extrinsic pathway of stage 1 of the clotting mechanism, chemicals released from damaged tissues trigger the cascade of events that ultimately result in the formation of | prothrombin activator. |
| The localized pressure gradient needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called | perfusion pressure. |
| Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called | inotropic factors. |
| Cardiac output is determined by | stroke volume and heart rate. |
| Lymph is filtered by the | lymph nodes |
| The lymphatic organs produce | lymphocytes |
| The purpose of the lymphatic system is to | fight against infection |
| Fluid that is clear, watery and contains protein molecules, salts, and other substances is called | intercellular fluid |
| The lymphatic system is made up of lymphatic vessels where lymph flows in only one direction towards | the heart |
| The T cell is considered | the communicator |
| Millions of B cells release millions of | antibodies |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | germinal center. |
| Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called | tonsils. |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte. |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| The movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called | diapedesis. |
| Bean-shaped structures located at certain intervals along the lymphatic system are | lymph nodes. |
| The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the | thymus. |
| Recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when | antigen’s epitopes fit into and bind to an antigen molecule’s antigen-binding site. |
| Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in | cytolysis. |
| Which organ has several functions, including defense, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir? | spleen |
| What is the function of the spleen? | blood reservoir |
| The functions of the lymph nodes are | defense and hematopoiesis. |
| In what form does oxygen travel in the blood? | both a and b : dissolved oxygen in the plasma, and associated with hemoglobin |
| An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood causes | a drop in pH in the blood. |
| The exit of the bicarbonate ion from the red blood cell is balanced by the inward transport of another negative ion, chloride. This countertransport of negative ions is often called the _____ shift. | chloride |
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juliopez83
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