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GENERAL ORALS
CHAPTER 13 - GROUND HANDLING AND SERVICING
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NAME AT LEAST THREE POSSIBLE HAZARDS THAT MAY BE ENCOUNTERED DURING TYPICAL GROUND OPERATIONS, SUCH AS DURING ENGINE RUN-UP OR TAXING? | POSSIBILITY OF FIRE, ESPECIALLY DURING ENGINE STARTING. TURNING PROPS, ROTORS, PROP OR JET BLAST & INLET AREAS. OTHER AIRCRAFT, VEHICLES, PEOPLE & OBSTACLES. FOD, HIGH NOISE LEVELS. HYDRAULIC LOCK IN RADIAL ENGINES. WEATHERVANING OF TAILWHEEL AIRCRAFT. |
| WHAT IS THE MOST GENERALLY USED KNOT FOR TYING DOWN SMALL AIRCRAFT? | THE BOWLINE (ALTHOUGH OTHER ANTI-SLIP KNOTS MAY BE USED). |
| DESCRIBE THE PRECAUTIONS THAT SHOULD BE TAKEN TO PROTECT LIFE AND PROPERTY WHILE STARTING AND RUNNING AN AIRCRAFT ENGINE. | STUDY THE PROCEDURES IN THE FLIGHT MANUAL. BE SURE THE PROP OR INLET AREA IS CLEAR & CHECK FOR FOD THAT COULD BE SUCKED INTO THE PROP OR ENGINE. ENSURE THAT THE PROP OR JET BLAST DOESN'T BLOW INTO HANAGRS OR OTHER AIRPLANES, & HAVE A FIRE GUARD NEARBY. |
| IF AN ENGINE IDUCTION FIRE OCCURS WHILE STARTING A RECIPROCATING ENGINE, WHAT PROCEDURE SHOULD BE FOLLOWED TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE? | CONTINUE CRANKING THE ENGINE TO START IT AND SUCK THE FIRE INTO THE ENGINE. IF THE ENGINE DOESN'T START AND THE FIRE CONTINUES TO BURN, DISCONTINUE THE START ATTEMPT AND EXTINGUISH THE FIRE WITH A SUITABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER. |
| WHAT SAFETY PROCEDURES MUST BE OBSERVED WHEN HAND-PROPPING A SMALL AIRCRAFT ENGINE? | BE TRAINED. HAVE A QUALIFIED PERSON IN THE COCKPIT, CHECK BRAKES, CALL "SWITCH OFF" BEFORE MOVING THE PROP, HAVE SOLID FOOTING. BEFORE STARTING, CALL "CONTACT" & LISTEN FOR A REPLY. SWING THE PROP WITH THE FLAT OF YOUR HAND & MOVE BACK FROM THE PROP ARC. |
| WHAT PROCEDURE SHOULD BE FOLLOWED PRIOR TO STARTING A LARGE RADIAL ENGINE TO DETECT AND/OR PREVENT A HYDRAULIC LOCK IN THE CYLINDERS? | PULL THE PROPELLER THROUGH BY HAND FOR THREE (3) OR FOUR (4) COMPLETE REVOLUTIONS. RESISTANCE TO THE PROP TURNING INDICATES A POSSIBLE HYDRAULIC LOCK IN AT LEAST ONE OF THE CYLINDERS. |
| WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF HYDRAULIC LOCK IN LARGE RADIAL ENGINES? | OIL SEEPS BY THE PISTON RINGS AND ACCUMULATES IN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF LOWER CYLINDERS. WHEN A PISTON COMES UP ON ITS COMPRESSION STROKE, THE INCOMPRESSIBLE LIQUID SEIZES IT. |
| WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERM "HOT START" WHEN STARTING A JET ENGINE. | IGNITION OCCURS WITH AN EXCESSIVELY RICH MIXTURE, LEADING TO A RAPID TEMPERATURE RISE THAT CAN EXCEED THE EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE LIMIT. |
| WHEN TOWING AN AIRCRAFT, SHOULD YOU USE THE TOW VEHICLE OR AIRCRAFT BRAKES TO STOP THE AIRCRAFT? | THE TOW VEHICLE BRAKES SHOULD BE USED EXCEPT IN AN EMERGENCY - THEN THE AIRCRAFT BRAKES MAY BE USED. |
| WHY SHOULD AN AIRCRAFT TECHNICIAN BECOME FAMILIAR WITH STANDARD LIGHT SIGNALS? | LIGHT SIGNALS MAY BE USED WHEN TAXIING AN AIRPLANE WITHOUT A RADIO OR WHEN A RADIO BECOMES INOPERATIVE ON A TOWER CONTROLLED AIRPORT. |
| IF A MIXTURE OF AVIATION GASOLINE AND JET FUEL IS USED IN A RECIPROCATING AIRCRAFT ENGINE, WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE RESULTS? | AVGAS CONTAMINATED BY JET FUEL MUST NOT BE USED IN PISTON ENGINES - THE ENGINE MAY BE DAMAGED OR DESTROYED. |
| WHAT DOES THE NUMBER 100 SIGNIFY IN 100LL AVIATION GASOLINE? | IT REFERS TO THE LEAN MIXTURE PERFORMANCE NUMBER (OR OCTANE RATING) OF THE FUEL. |
| IS IT PERMISSIBLE TO USE AVGAS IN A TURBINE ENGINE? | LIMITED OPERATION MAY BE ALLOWED BY THE MANUFACTURER. CONTINUED USE MAY REDUCE EFFICIENCY DUE TO LEAD DEPOSITS ON THE TURBINE BLADES. |
| WHAT ARE SOME OF THE POSSIBLE OUTCOMES OF USING A LOWER GRADE OF AVGAS THAN THE SPECIFIED GRADE? | AN INCREASED CHANCE OF ENGINE DAMAGE DUE TO DETONATION, LOSS OF ENGINE POWER, AND AN INCREASED PROBABILITY OF OVERHEATING. |
| PART 23.973 OF THE FAA REGULATIONS SPECIFIES THAT CERTAIN MARKINGS MUST BE PLACED ADJACENT TO FUEL FILLER OPENINGS. WHAT MARKINGS ARE USED FOR RECIPROCATING ENGINE-POWERED AIRPLANES? | THE FILLER OPENINGS MUST BE MARKED WITH THE FUEL GRADE AND THE WORD "AVGAS." |
| DESCRIBE THE IMPORTANT PRECAUSTIONS THAT SHOULD BE OBSERVED WHEN FUELING AN AIRCRAFT. | BE CERTAIN YOU ARE USING THE CORRECT FUEL, PROPERLY GROUND THE AIRCRAFT AND REFUELING UNIT, AND PROTECT THE AIRCRAFT SURFACES FROM HOSE AND NOZZLE DAMAGE. |
| THE MARKING REQUIREMENTS FOR OIL TANK FILLER OPENINGS ARE SPECIFIED BY FAR 23.1157. WHAT MARKINGS ARE REQUIRED FOR A PISTON ENGINE POWERED AIRPLANE? | THE WORD "OIL" AND THE PERMISSIBLE GRADES AND/OR TYPES OR A REFERENCE TO THE APPROPRIATE AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL FOR PERMISSIBLE GRADES AND/OR TYPES. |
| WHERE CAN THE STANDARD AIRCRAFT TAXI HAND SIGNALS BE FOUND? | IN THE AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION MANUAL "A.I.M." |
| UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS SHOULD A RECIPROCATING ENGINE BE PRE-OILED? | PRIOR TO STARTING A NEW ENGINE OR ONE THAT HAS BEEN PRESERVED FOR STORAGE. THIS ENSURES ADEQUATE LUBRICATION ON INITIAL STARTUP. |
| UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS MAY AUTOMOBILE GASOLINE BE USED IN AN AIRCRAFT ENGINE? | ONLY IF APPROVED BY THE FAA, USUALLY BY THE ISSUANCE OF A SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATE (STC). |
| WHAT ARE THE INDICATIONS OF WATER IN AIRCRAFT FUEL AFTER DRAINING A SAMPLE FROM THE FUEL SUMPS? | THE SAMPLE MAY HAVE A CLOUDY OR HAZY APPEARANCE OR A SOLID SLUG OF WATER. |
Created by:
brookburns34924
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