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Uni Course
Units 1&2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Flow Rate | Flow Rate = Volume/Time (Liquids, gases, blood all flow throughout the body.) |
| Resistance | Resistance ∝ Length/(Diameter)^4 (Opposition to flow, blocks the flow) |
| Pressure | Pressure = Force/Area (Substances flow from high pressure to low pressure) (EX: Balloon) |
| Flow | Flow = Pressure Difference/Resistance |
| Compliance | Compliance = Change in Volume/Change in Pressure (How much can it stretch/expand) |
| Current | Flow of carrying particles (protons electrons neutrons) {Current = Voltage/Resistance} |
| Ions | When an atom loses or gains electrons |
| Cation Vs. Anion | Cation is positive charged ion, Anion is negative charged ion |
| Passive Transport | High to Low, no energy required (EX: Diffusion) |
| Active Transport | Low to High, energy required (uses ATP as energy) |
| Ions and Gases distributing themselves equally across a given area | Equilibrium |
| Permeability | How easily can a molecule cross the membrane (Large molecules CANT CROSS but teeny tiny water molecules can cross) |
| Physiology | The study of how the body functions normally and how it responds to pathology |
| Neurons (Excitable Cells) | transmits electric pulses through the body of the cell, carry msgs between body and brain |
| Equilibrium | Opposite sides are at a balance |
| Action Potential | rapid rise and fall in membrane potential, carries electrical signals down a cell. |
| Axon | threadlike part of a neuron along which action potentials are conducted from the cell body to other cells. |
| Axon Hillock | part of a neuron just before the axon, synthesizes information it has gathered |
| Axon Terminal | at the end of the axon, release neurotransmitters to transmit information to another cell |
| Dendrite | Around the neuron, receives information from other cells. |
| Depolarization | The second step of an action potential, in which sodium-gated channels open, sodium (-) leaves the cell, and the membrane potential becomes more positive. |
| Repolarization | The third step in an action potential, in which potassium-gated channels open, potassium (+) enters the cell, and the membrane potential becomes more negative. |
| Hyperpolarization | fourth step of an action potential, sodium-potassium pumps activating to bring the cell back to resting membrane potential. |
| Leak Channels | Membrane channels that are always open, low -> high concentration, |
| Voltage-Gated Channels | strong stimulus (mechanical, thermal, electrical, or chemical) opens the channels, low-> high concentration |
| Neurotransmitter | chemical messenger that carries information between cells. |
| Myelin | insulating sheathing on the outside of an axon, action potential travels more quickly down a neuron. |
| Membrane Potential | difference in electric potential between the inside and the outside of a cell. |
| Actin | THIN rope-like protein filament. |
| Myosin | THICK protein filament with many 'heads' that grip and pull the actin. |
| Active tension | force generated by myosin and actin filaments in the sarcomere, requires ATP (there are 3 stages, resting, contracted,streched) |
| Sarcomeres | Contain the myosin and actin protein machinery that drives muscle contraction. |
| Passive Tension | present in the absence of evidence of active muscle contraction. |
| Isotonic Contraction | active tension and resistance are balanced, the muscle is contracting but staying the same length (like sticking ur arm out) |
| Isometric Contraction | active tension overcomes resistance, the muscle contracts and becomes shorter. (like doing a curl up) |
| Concentric Contractions | muscle produces enough tension to overcome resistance, shorten, and contract (like the biceps when lifting) |
| Eccentric Contractions | resistance becomes greater than the tension and the muscle lengthens. |
| Fast-twitch muscles | bigger, more powerful movements for shorter durations of time. |
| Slow-twitch muscles | sustained, smaller movements and postural control. |
| Muscle Fiber | cells that make up the skeletal muscle. |
| Smooth Muscle | involuntary muscle consisting of thick and thin filaments that are not arranged into sarcomeres (non-striated pattern) |
| Glycolysis | breaking down glucose for energy without the use of oxygen |
| Cellular Respiration | oxygen in the mitochondria of cells is used to break down organic molecules, such as glucose, for energy. |
Created by:
ZoyaC
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