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Nervous sys& neurons

TermDefinition
Central nervous system Brain and spinal cord;
Peripheral nervous system Made up of smaller branches of nerves that reach other parts of body; transmit info back and forth from organs to cns
Somatic nervous system Made up of nerves that control voluntary movements
Autonomic nervous system Controls involuntary movements
Neurons Cells that make up nerves
Dendrites Located at one end of neuron; Receive signals/ info.; stimulate activity by neurotransmitters
Axon Pass information through cell from the dendrites; path of electrical impulse (action potential) through neuron
Myelin sheath Layer of fatty tissue that insulates axon of neurons; speeds electrical impulse down axon; degenerated by multiple sclerosis
Axon terminal End of neuron; releases neurotransmitters into synapse or takes them back up (reuptake)
Synapse Gap between dendrites and axon terminals; where neurotransmitters move from axon terminal to dendrites
Vesicles Tiny, near spherical packets within axon terminal; contain neurotransmitters; triggers into synapse
What happens in the synapse Axon terminal releases neurotransmitters into synapse where they travel to next neuron.
Neurotransmitter Chemical messenger of nervous system
Epinephrine Functions to speed up body processes; highly arousing; like adrenaline but released by neurons
Endorphins “Endogenous morphine” natural opiates that are released in response to pain/ vigorous exercise
Acetylcholine learning and memory; messenger between motor neurons and skeletal muscle; allows contraction of muscles
Serotonin Mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal; levels raised by antidepressants
Afferent neurons Take messages away from SENSORY organs to brain
Efferent Neurons take messages from brains to muscles resulting in motor tasks
Interneurons Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs.
Dopamine Movement, learning, attention, and emotion. Excessive activity of these receptors lead to schizophrenia
Created by: Lizeylizard
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