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The Iron Age
Definitions for the chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When? | 500 BC - 400 AD |
| Who? | The Celts. A group of tribes that populated much of Europe at the time. They had learned iron technology which improved farming and military equipment. Love of showmanship and decoration. |
| Hallstatt Style | One of earliest Celtic art forms - mostly bronze and gold. Abstract and finely crafted. Reached Ireland but never took hold. |
| La Tène Style | Combines influences of classical Greek and Roman art with Celtic art. Used leafy palmate forms with vines, tendrils, lotus flowers, spirals, S-scrolls, lyre and trumpet shapes in an abstract style. Used to decorate ornaments and weapons. |
| Name some Celtic designs | Leafy palmate forms, vines, tendrils, scrolls, lotus, spirals, lyre, pelta, trumpet, triskele, stylised bird head |
| Use of Iron VS Bronze? | Iron: weapons, tools, functional implements Bronze/Gold: ornamental objects (did not rust) |
| Insular La Tène | Style of art used by native craftsmen of Ireland. Modified version of European style. Vegetal designs, abstract curvilinear designs. |
| Stone tombs? | No. No significant stone tombs from this era, stone forts the only important structures to survive from this time. Hill forts and Ring forts were built for defence, ritual sites and some as homesteads |
| Stone Carving? | Yes. Revival for the first time since Stone Age. La Tène style carved into large boulders throughout the country. They have been dressed and carved with abstract patterns. |
| Turoe Stone, Co. Galway | Carved from Connemara granite. 1.68M in height, vertical sides and spherical top. Quality of the decoration on the stone suggests its importance for pagan rituals or as a land marker. |
| Turoe Stone Decoration | Stepped pattern around the base. Curvilinear La Tène decorations, all designed as 4 separate panels. Elements: leaf shapes, triskeles, spirals, circle and trumpet ends. Low relief. |
| Broighter Collar | Insular La Tène style. Gold torc. Collar consists of two semicircular cylinders. A hinge (now missing) once joined the two cylinders. There is a two part locking device at the terminals. Ornamental collar worn to indicate status. |
| Broighter Collar Decoration | Repoussé technique down the centre of 2 flat sheets of gold, leaving broad, plain margins. The design is based on foliage and leaf motifs |
| Broighter Collar Creation Process | Flat sheets rolled, but first the rectangular gold sheets were decorated using repousse and incision. Then decorated plates rolled into tubes and edges soldered together. Tubes probably filled with hot sand to bend the metal tubes into semicircular shape. |
| Ultimate La Tène Style | Change in style, patterns lighter and more symmetrical. Designs became looser in appearance, less abstract and not as busy. A sense of space and composition is evident in these artefacts. |
| The Loughnashade Trumpet | Made from two tubes of sheets bronze joined by a knob in the middle. It has a decorative plate/disc attached to the end. This design is lighter and more linear than earlier work. |
| Loughnashade Trumpet Design | Mouthpiece decorated by rimmed circular disc. Design uses repoussé, consists of four part pattern of linear curves. Spirals are in high relief, with large spirals ending the curvilinear forms. Based on the roman pelta motif, almost perfectly symmetrical. |
| Loughnashade Trumpet Technique | The curved trumpet was made by rolling a tube of bronze and reviting the sides to a strip of bronze on the inside. |
Created by:
hsullivan
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