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Digital Media
Comprehensive Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Graphics | visual presentations with the purpose to brand, inform, illustrate, or entertain. An image that is generated by a computer called graphics. Examples include photographs, drawings, Line Art, typography, symbols or other images. |
| Animation | the process of creating the illusion of continuous motion by means of rapid display of a sequence of still images |
| Audio Production | The recording and reproduction of sound (music, human voice, sound effects, etc.) captured electronically (digitally) or through mechanical means. |
| Video Production | Sometimes called videography, video production is the process of videotaping, editing, and distributing a finished video product. Products include television production, commercial video production, and corporate and event videos. |
| Web Design | The process of creating presentations of content that are delivered to an end-user through the World Wide Web, using a web browser. |
| Graphics Designer | A specialist in visual arts, typography, page layout, user interface design, and print work. |
| Art Director | A director of interpretive art in advertising and marketing, translates messages, concepts, and ideas into imagery for a variety of purposes. |
| Photographer | A photographer captures visual images for a wide range of creative, technical, and documentary purposes, frequently uses software to digitally enhance images. |
| Front-End Web Developer | A front-end developer creates the visual components of a website. This includes the graphics, buttons, logos, and other components of a page that the user interacts with. |
| Video Game Designer | A video game designer creates and animates the characters, objects, and environments of a video game, including gameplay, structures, and rules. |
| Character Animator | A character animator is specifically skilled at creating 2-D for 3-D characters and animates their realistic mechanics and interactions. |
| Digital Portfolio | A digital portfolio is a dynamic representation of your creations and work. It includes your finest products as well as those that may still be in progress. |
| Online Portfolio Website | Any of a number of internet based sites that feature the creation and/or storage capacity for professional portfolios. |
| Special Effects Developer | A special effects developer creates realistic and imaginative scenes for theater, television, movies and the internet. They use CGI, make-up, environments, mechanics and other tools in their craft. |
| Simulation Creator | A simulation creator designs educational animations or simulations that are used to teach a process or interactively demonstrate a concept. |
| Audio Engineer /Sound Technician | An audio engineer, sometimes referred to as a sound technician, manages equipment and monitors levels during the actual recording process or live performance. Appropriate set-up to achieve the best possible sound is a key role in the job. |
| Careers in Radio | Jobs in radio include all positions required to produce a radio broadcast. This includes, among others, announcer, audio engineer, music director, and program director. |
| Audio Editor | An audio editor cuts, splices, and mixes audio clips. Then, they arrange the clips into a well-composed audio production to convey a message to the audience. |
| Foley Artist | A Foley artist recreates the realistic ambient sounds that a movie or film portrays. |
| Director /Technical Director | The director or technical director takes the project from the beginning of a script into a full video-production. They also oversee camera angles, lighting, set design, and more. |
| Camera Operator /Videographer | A camera operator, or videographer, follows the instructions from the director to capture footage during the production of a video. |
| Video Editor | A video editor manipulates the raw video footage and/or audio clips and combines them into a sequence to create a final product. |
| Production Assistant | A production assistant is in charge of various aspects of production such as lighting (gaffer), cable management (grip), and others. |
| Web Designer | A web designer plans, designs, and maintains webpages on the internet. They write HTML or CSS code that makes websites work and allows for user interaction. |
| shot list | An itemized record or list of the shots in a production. It includes the exact locations on the reel, tape, or digital medium of the shots on the list. |
| script | The written text of a play, movie, or broadcast. |
| storyboard | a sequence of drawings, usually with some stage directions and dialogue, representing the shots planned for a movie or television production. |
| recording narration (voiceover) | The voice of an unseen narrator speaking (as in a motion picture or television commercial). Sometimes used by a visible character (as in a motion picture) expressing unspoken thoughts. |
| b-roll | supplemental or alternate film footage intercut with the main shot in a video production. |
| extreme close-up shot | A type of shot that tightly frames the subject person or object, eliminating the background. It is used to convey emotion. |
| extreme wide shot | A broad view of the subject's surroundings; so much so, that the subject may not even be visible. It is used to give the view a sense of the setting or place. |
| rack focus | The practice of shifting viewer attention by changing the focus of the lens from a subject in the foreground to a subject in the background, or vice versa. |
| key light | the main source of light in a photograph or film. |
| fill light | a supplementary light used with the key light to soften shadows. |
| back light | A lighting effect where the light source is behind the subject, thus placing the subject between the light source and the viewer. |
| establishing shot | comes early in the shoot. It sets up the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects. |
| closing shot | A concluding image with the purpose of evoking an emotional response from the viewer. |
| take | A scene or sequence of continuously recorded visions and/or sounds. |
| depth of field | The distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera. |
| field of view | The area that is visible as seen through the camera. |
| compositing | Is the combining of visual elements from separate sources into single images, often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene. |
| chroma key | a special effects / post-production technique for compositing (layering) two images or video streams together. It involves replacing a particular color in an image with a different image. The most common types are bluescreen and greenscreen. |
| rotoscoping | an animation technique in which live action video is traced to create animation that mimics the live action. |
| masking | An audio effect where the perception of one sound is affected by the presence of another . |
| cutaway | Sometimes referred to as a "cut," it is the instantaneous transition from one shot to the next. |
| transition | The way in which two video shots or audio clips are linked together; for example, dissolve, wipe, etc. |
| dissolve | A video transition in which one shot fades into the next. |
| wipe | A video transition in which parts of one shot are successively replaced by equivalent parts of the next shot. |
| peaking | (audio peaks) The highest audio levels in a track. Peaks that exceed 0 dB should be clipped. |
| scrubbing | The process of moving within an audio file or tape to locate a particular section. |
| codec | Computer program implementing an algorithm that compresses and decompresses digital audio data |
| bandwidth | The range of audio frequencies which directly influence the fidelity of a sound. The higher the audio _____, the better the sound fidelity. |
| equalization | Boosting or reducing the levels of different frequencies in a signal. The most basic type of _____ familiar to most people is the treble/bass control on home audio equipment. |
| storyboarding | creating graphic organizers such as a series of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence, including website interactivity. |
| onion skin | An editing option that lets the user view many frames at once. In the timeline you ordinarily only see the contents of the current frame. _____ enable the user to see the progression of an animation. |
| motion paths | an alternative visual and spatial way of viewing and working with spatial properties. Represented by a series of dots, each dot represents the position of the layer at each frame. |
| exporting | The act of moving files from one program to another. |
| publishing | The "unveiling" or posting of the user's work to make it generally known. |
| Purpose of Project | The purpose of most products is to entertain, inform, persuade, or in some instances, a combination thereof. The purpose is set by the client with the professional input of the designer. |
| Target Audience | The primary group of people that a project is aimed at appealing to. A target audience can be people of a certain age group, gender, or marital status. |
| Goals | The objective of a client's ambition or effort; an aim or desired result. The designer must be in complete understanding and agreement with the client's goals for a project. |
| Deadlines | Specific calendar dates/times when parts of a project are to be submitted for review and feedback to the client |
| Color scheme | An arrangement or combination of colors that are carefully selected to capture the attention and/or set a mood for the user when viewing a project. |
| Typography | The style and appearance of printed materials. Specific identifiers include style, font, typeface, etc. |
| File name conventions | Agreed upon by designers, project managers and client, file name conventions refers to the protocols that will be used when saving files. Common conventions include date, version numbers, and designer initials. |
| Optimization | The act or process of making a design as fully perfect, functional, or effective as possible based on client feedback. |
| Multiple Renditions | According to the agreement with the client, the designer needs to make sure that the product has been produced in _________ , so that it will work correctly across a wide variety of platforms, operating systems, and devices. |
| Quality Assurance | A systematic quality check to ensure that all project requirements have been met. |
| Research | The systematic investigation of needs, trends, and other similar projects in cooperation with the client to ensure the creation of the best possible product. |
| Communication | _____ is the conveyance of a message from worker to client regarding a project. |
| Active Listening | _____ is based on the principle of listening to understand, rather than listening to respond. Posture, eye contact, gestures, and questioning skills are essential to quality active listening. |
| Feedback | _____ is essential to the planning, creation, and delivery of a product. Specific and is offered during all phases of the work. |
| Redesign | _____ is the process of reworking or modifying specific parts of a project identified by the client during a feedback session. |
| Cloud Storage | Electronic online storage where data is stored on multiple virtual servers, generally hosted by third parties, rather than being hosted on dedicated servers. |
| Digital Video | Moving images that have been captured, created, or edited electronically. Analog (non-digital) video signals transmit information continuously in the form of a wave. Digital video signals transmit information in the dorm of individual bits of data. |
| Aspect Ratio | Ratio of a video screen's height dimension and width dimension; common ratios are standard (4:3) and widescreen (16:9) |
| Frame Rate | Speed at which video frames appears on a screen; measured by F.P.S. (frames per second) |
| Scanning Method | Method by which video picture appears on a screen (720p. 1080i. etc.) |
| Streaming Video | Transmitting video files that can begin playing over the internet as the remaining data is still being downloaded. |
| Video Pre-Production | Determines overall purpose of the project, and intended target audience. Uses a storyboard to determine sequence of events. |
| Video Editing Software | Captures video from the camera media and imports into the editing software. Manipulates video footage and adds the desired effects to convey the intended message. |
| Video Production | Setup equipment such as tripods, cameras, and lighting. Record the footage according to storyboard. Save and organize recorded video. |
| Rule of Thirds | Mentally dividing the frame into both horizontally and vertically (similar to a tic-tac-toe board) subject should occupy two-thirds of the frame. |
| Wide Shot | Shows subject and location/environment in its entirety |
| Medium Shot | Shows a part of the subject with more detail while still giving an impression of the location/environment |
| Close-Up Shot | Shows a particular part of a subject with more detail. |
| High Angle Shot | When camera location is above normal eye-level compared to the subject. |
| Low Angle Shot | When camera location is below normal eye-level compared to the subject. |
| Zoom | Uses the mechanics of the camera's lens to make the subject appear closer or further away; physical location of the camera does not change. |
| Pan | Horizontally pivoting the camera left or right; physical location of the camera does not change. |
| Tilt | Vertically pivoting the camera up or down; physical location of the camera does not change. |
| Dolly | The camera physically moves toward or away from the subject to make it appear closer of further away. |
| Truck | The camera physically moves horizontally (left or right) |
| Crane | The camera physically moves vertically (up or down) |
| Focus | Adjusting the camera's lens settings to make the footage of the subject clear and not blurry. |
| White Balance | Adjusting the camera's color settings to match true white; results in all other colors becoming balanced. |
| Iris | Adjust the camera's lens settings to allow the appropriate amount of light into the camera. |
| Video Post-Production | Import recorded footage into the video editing software or gather existing footage from outside sources. |
| FLV | A video file format that uses the Adobe© Flash Player for video playback. Commonly used for embedding videos on the internet. |
| MPEG2 | A video file format used for DVDs. |
| MPEG4 | A video file format used for Blu-Ray Discs. Standard fo streaming videos over the internet. |
| MOV | A video file format that uses the Quicktime© player for video playback. Standard video format for Apple© computers. |
| AVI | A video file format that is standard for Microsoft© PCs |
| WMV | A video file format that uses the Windows© Media Player for video playback. Microsoft© file format used for streaming the internet. |
| Digital Animation | creating movement of graphics and/or text |
| Frame-based animation | A series of individual still frames that create the illusion of animation when viewed continuously; stop-motion |
| Vector Animation | Uses computer generated formulas to make objects in the animation move along a path; has a smaller file size and smoother movement |
| 2D Animation | uses two dimensions and has a flat appearance |
| 3D Animation | uses three dimensions and has a more realistic appearance |
| Animation Pre-Production | define parameters of the project and make preliminary decisions; find purpose, target audience and use a storyboard |
| Animation Production | work in an animation software to create a digital animation; determine hardware needs |
| Animation Post-Production | optimize the animation output file for specific client needs |
| Frame | still image that creates animation when viewed in succession |
| Keyframe | specified place in the animation where change occurs |
| Tween | animation process that occurs between keyframes |
| Library | collection of graphics, audio, and video files utilized in a particular animation project |
| Symbol | an object stored in the library of a project that can be quickly accessed and used repeatedly throughout an animation |
| Shape | a simple object drawn on the stage of an animation |
| FPS | (Frames Per Second) unit of playback speed of an animation |
| Anchor Point | rotation axis of an animated spinning object |
| Scene | a division of frames used to separate different parts of an animation to make editing and playback easier to organize |
| Animated GIF | framed-based; simplest way to display short animation clips; cannot play audio |
| SWF | supports either frame-based or vector for use on the internet |
| Digital Graphics | Any image or design created or edited by a computer. This can be drawings, logos, photos, icons, diagrams, charts, buttons, or advertising. |
| Bitmap Graphics | Uses square pixels, loses clarity when viewed up close or zoomed in, & is also referred to as Raster Graphics. |
| Vector Graphics | Uses mathematic formulas to define lines, points, curves, and other attributes, does not lose clarity,& is best for printing large scale. |
| Resolution | describes the clarity of bitmap graphics, & is determined and defined by the number of pixels per inch (PPI). |
| Low Resolution | Blurry in appearance and has a relatively small file size. |
| High Resolution | Very clear in appearance and has a relatively large file size. |
| Traditional Media | communication that was well established before the internet age: books, newspapers, magazines, etc... |
| Social Media | created and controlled by a community of users that interact using the internet |
| Digital Media | the use of creative design and computers to combine media to reach an audience |
| Commercial | intended to persuade the audience to use or buy a product |
| Entertainment | intended to captivate an audience and keep them engaged |
| News/Informational | informs the audience about recent evens and/or provides information about a topic |
| Public Service Announcement | conveys an important message to the public to instigate the public to take action |
| Educatioal | uses digital media to interactively teach content or demonstrate a process |
| Industry Certifications | standardized assessments that use software and terminology commonly found in the industry |
| Physical Safety Issues | Physical hazards associated with digital media production that can harm people. |
| Digital Safety Issues | Computer and technology-related dangers to an individual's personal, financial, emotional or physical well-being. |
| Electrical Hazard | A dangerous condition that can pose a threat of injury or death through contact with electrical current. |
| Tripping Hazards | Examples include: cords in walkways, open drawers, and cluttered work areas |
| Ergonomics | The science of designing the workplace to fit the worker. This science is used to decrease the possibility and severity of injury. |
| MP3 | Most popular audio file format. Standard for downloading and storing music files - commonly used for streaming over the Internet. Compatible on all devices (computers, phones, etc.) |
| WAV | Standard audio creation file format for PCs, native sound format within the Windows® environment. Does not work on Apple products, Linux, most phones, etc. |
| WMA | Uses Windows® Media Player for audio playback - Microsoft® format used for streaming audio files. This is an exported file that is not editable. |
| MIDI | Musical Instrument Digital Interface that is the standard file format used by digital instruments (keyboards, guitars, etc.). It contains information about musical notes |
| AAC and M4A | Standard file format used by mobile devices and Apple® Computers. Higher quality sound than .MP3 and can be played on PC/MAC or other platforms. |
| AVI | Standard video format for Microsoft® PCs |
| WMV | Uses the Windows® Media Player for video playback and is the Microsoft® file format used for streaming on the Internet. |
| Audio panning | when audio is recorded through seperate channels |
| Crossfade | gradual volume transition from one clip to another |
| Digital Audio | sound that has been captured or created electronically |
| Looping | used to make section of audio repeat |
| Master Level | Used to control the overall output volume of a recording |
| Mono | all audio sources play out of a single channel |
| Sampling | reproduces a sound wave by recording many fragments of it |
| Stereo | sound coming from multiple channels |
| Surround sound | multiple audio channels |
| V.U. meter | A visual representation fo the audio volume level; used to control overall output of sound |
| Streaming | audio files that can begin playing over the internet while they are still being downloaded |
| Track | separate layers of audio used to record sources individually |
| Over-Modulation | sound interference that occurs during recording when audio levels are too high and causes the signal to distort or lose clarity |
| Clip | a section of recorded sound |
| Trim/Splice | starting and stopping audio clips at a defined point in the recording |
| Fade Up | Gradually increasing the volume of an audio clip |
| Fade Down | Gradually decreasing the volume of an audio clip |
| Background Audio | Music and/or sounds used with a voiceover to add interest and depth |
| Voiceover | a voice recording used to convey a message |
| Copyright | A form of intellectual property that gives the author of an original work exclusive rights related to that work for a specified time period. |
| Rights Protected by Copyright | Reproduction, Adaptation, Distribution, Public Performance, Public Display |
| Copyright Qualifications | Originality, Minimal creativity, and Fixation |
| Things that can be Copyrighted | Photos, stories, illustrations, cartoons, advertisements, novels, Internet publications, marketing campaigns, films |
| Difficult or Impossible to Copyright | Ideas, facts, government records, slogans, titles, short phrases, names, familiar symbols, lists of ingredients, basic instructions |
| Purpose of Copyright | Encourage progress through advancements of arts and sciences, Reward creative efforts, Promote societal knowledge |
| Trademark | Type of intellectual property typically associated with a name, word, phrase, logo, symbol, design, image, or combination of these elements. |
| Plagiarism | Taking someone else's work or ideas passing them off as your own |
| Fair Use | a legal allowance of using copyrighted material without permission from the owner, provided the circumstances are reasonable and do not make the material less profitable |
Created by:
TheMsAllsop
Popular Graphic Arts sets