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Roman Entertainment
Classics Conference 2023 Roman Entertainment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did ludi progress? | Begin with LUDI SCAENICI (theatrical shows) followed by days devoted to LUDI CIRCENSES (chariot races) |
| How many ludi days were there per year by the end of the Republic? | over 50 per year |
| How did they affirm class distinction? | Segregated seating by social class, though attendance was free |
| When were formal plays not very popular anymore? | Era of Domitian's reign, 81-96AD |
| What is the difference between pantomime and mime? | Pantomime is performed by one actor who doesn't speak but may be accompanied musically. The performance will be of a story like Dido and Aeneas or Mars and Venus. Mime is performed by several actors and the content is slapstick farce |
| Who was Paris? | Popular mime+pantomime in Domitian's time |
| What are the theatre shows called? | ludi scaenici |
| What are the chariot races called? | ludi circenses |
| Where were the ludi circenses held? | Circus Maximus |
| How many could the Circus Maximus hold? | 250 000 |
| How would the audience engage? | People placed bets on teams and cast DEFIXIONES against opposing teams |
| What are DEFIXIONES? | curse tablets placed as close as possible to the intended victim for efficacy. derived from latin "defigere" - to bind up |
| What was under the Colosseum floor? | Animal cages+machinery under sand-covered wood panels |
| What overlooks the Circus Maximus? | Domitian's palace |
| How many chariot teams were there? | Four, Domitian added two but they didn't stick |
| What were the chariot teams called? | White, Blue, Red, and Green. Domitian added Purple and Gold for his reign |
| How does the chariot race begin? | The overseeing magistrate drops the MAPPA (napkin) |
| Races/day, laps/race, km/race, approx time/race? | 24/day, 7 laps, approx 8km, approx 15 min/race |
| How were the remaining laps displayed? | 7 large wooden or marble markers on the SPINA (dividing stone wall in the middle of track). Each time the leading racer finishes a lap one is taken down |
| What was the danger in crashing? | Reigns were tied around the racers. They carried knives to cut themselves out as fast as possible in case of crash |
| About what did you have to be especially careful? | If you turned too fast you would crash, too slow and you would lose. Turning points - META |
| What could you pay for as an additional element of ludi? | MUNERA -- gladiatorial shows |
| What were gladiator shows called? | MUNERA |
| What was the original purpose of events at munera? | Rites for the dead |
| Who added venationes? | Pompey and Caesar |
| What are venationes? | Public exotic animal hunts |
| Who dedicated Rome's first stone theatre, in what year? | Pompey, in 55BC |
| What went wrong at the 55BC venationes? | Pompey's 18 elephants for hunting elicited the sympathy of the audience, and then the elephants charged the stands |
| What did Caesar learn from Pompey's venationes mistakes? | in 46BC he used elephants for transport instead of hunting them |
| Who could put on the munera? | only the emperor |
| Who would be in the arena? | exotic animals, professional gladiators, condemned criminals |
| Where did Augustus sponsor venationes? | at the Circus and at the Forum |
| What did Augustus additionally construct as entertainment? | areas for NAUMACHIAE (naval battles) |
| Construction of what started under Vespasian? | the AMPHITHEATRUM FLAVIUM -- the Colosseum, a permanent munera arena |
| Who opened the Colosseum, and when? | Vespasian's brother Titus in 80AD |
| How many could the Colosseum seat? | 50 000 |
| When were processions held? | At the beginning of events and for military victories |
| What was the most important kind of procession? | after military victory |
| What was the highest honour the state could bestow re: processions? | the right to process as a TRIUMPHATOR (victor) |
| Where do we find the account of the procession following Vespasian and Titus' victory? | The Jewish War -- Josephus |
| Where is the victory now commemorated? | on the arch at the Forum |
| Where did the procession process? | start at Campus Martius, pray to gods then enter city through PORTA TRIUMPHALIS. finish at temple of Jupiter on the Capitol |
| What did the parade consist of? | spoils of war --> travelling stages showing scenes from the conquest --> captives --> more spoils of war --> Vespasian and Titus themselves, with V's son Domitian beside |
| What had to happen before the concluding sacrifices and prayers? | They waited on the Capitol for news that the military opponent's leader was dead |
| Who kept a private troupe of PANTOMIMI? | Ummidia Quadratilla, old woman |
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eSan
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