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Urinary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nephron | the fundamental excretory unit of each kidney |
| glomerular filtration | the movement of water and solutes (dissolved substances) from the capillaries into the glomerular capsular space; this is the first step in urine formation |
| oliguira | the production of abnormally small amounts of urine |
| urea | A substance formed by the breakdown of protein in the liver |
| uric acid | a normal body waste product. It forms when chemicals called purines break down. |
| creatinine | a normal by-product of muscle metabolism; it is produced by the body at a fairly steady rate and is freely filtered by the glomerulus |
| tubular reabsoprtion | Water, glucose, amino acids, and needed ions are transported out of the filtrate into the tubule cells and then enter the capillary blood. |
| tubular secretion | H+, K+, creatinine, and drugs are removed from the peritubular blood and secreted by the tubule cells into the filtrate. |
| renal calculi | hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. |
| cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder epithelium |
| micturition | urination |
| incontinence | inability to control micturition |
| osmoreceptors | cells in the hypothalamus; activated by small changes in blood composition; results in a dry mouth; activates thirst mechanism |
| anti-diuretic hormone | hormone produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary; decreases urine output by stimulating the kidneys to increase water reabsorption |
| electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water into particles with positive and negative charges |
| aldosterone | the principal mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water from urine and to eliminate potassium |
| bicarbonate buffer system | serves to both neutralize gastric acid and stabilize the intracellular pH of epithelial cells via the secretion of bicarbonate ion into the gastric mucosa. |
| nocturia | the need for patients to get up at night on a regular basis to urinate. |
Created by:
harini.krishnan
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