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Final
SCI221 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. | All of the above are correct. (occurrence, distribution and transmission) |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | Reproductive |
| The term that literally means self-immunity is: | autoimmunity |
| Positive-feedback control systems: | accelerate |
| The normal reading or range of normal is called the: | set point |
| Homeostasis can best be described as: | a constant state maintained by living and nonliving organisms. |
| Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: | viruses |
| Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? | Transmitter |
| Pathogenesis can be defined as: | the course of disease development. |
| The body’s thermostat is located in the: | hypothalamus |
| Which of the following is not true of carbohydrates? | All of the above are true of carbohydrates. (They include substances commonly called sugars, They are the body’s primary source of energy, They are a part of both DNA and RNA) |
| A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: | Both B and C are correct. (phospholipid and steroid) |
| Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids? | Primary |
| What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? | Degree of saturation |
| Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body? | Salts |
| Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? | Both have a ring structure in their molecule |
| DNA: | is a double-helix strand of nucleotides. |
| Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? | They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. |
| Peptide bonds join together molecules of: | amino acids. |
| Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body. | glycogen |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis. |
| Unsaturated fats: | will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms. |
| A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. | free radical |
| The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____, with _____ being the dominant component. | carbohydrate and protein; protein |
| A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except: | ribose sugar. |
| When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? | Metaphase |
| Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allows both glucose and water to pass through. When dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be: | an even exchange of material across the membrane. |
| All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except: | chromosome number remains at 46. |
| Which of the following terms is synonymous with tumor? | Neoplasm |
| Which is not true about the sodium and potassium pump? | Sodium moves into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell. |
| Extensive weight training causes the muscle cells to: | hypertrophy |
| During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell? | Prophase |
| All of the following are examples of passive transport except: | endocytosis. |
| Transcription can be best described as the: | synthesis of mRNA. |
| Diffusion requires: | a concentration gradient. |
| Which of the following statements is true? | Amino acid chains form DNA. **The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm. Uracil is present in DNA in place of thymine. None of the above is true. |
| Twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as: | haploid |
| The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
| Mucous membranes are important because they lubricate and protect passageways. | True |
| Which type of tissue has the greatest capacity to regenerate? | Epithelial |
| Which of the following is not a proteoglycan found in the matrix of connective tissue? | Collagen |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of connective tissue? | Typically holds its cells together tightly by means of desmosomes |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of muscle tissue? | Cells are separated by a large quantity of extracellular matrix |
| Of the five epidermal cell layers, the only one that can undergo mitosis is the stratum: | basale |
| The area referred to as true skin is the: | dermis. |
| Which cells form the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood? | Astrocytes |
| The hypodermis: | connects the dermis to underlying tissues. |
| Hematopoietic tissue can be found in the: | bones. |
| Until bone growth in length is complete, a layer of the cartilage, known as the _____, remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis. | epiphyseal plate |
| Appositional growth of cartilage occurs when chondrocytes begin to divide and secrete | additional matrix |
| Young children’s bones have a greater risk of fracturing because of incompletely ossified bone. | False |
| The following are functions of bone except for | All of the above are functions of the bone: support, protection, mineral storage, hematopoiesis. |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the diaphysis? | Provides a bulbous shape for attachment of muscle |
| The cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation are: | endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. |
| If the cribriform plate is damaged, there is a chance of: | infectious materials passing from the nose to the brain. |
| A person with a fractured patella would expect discomfort in the: | knee |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the epiphyses? | Cylindrical in shape |
| Small cells that synthesize and secrete a specialized organic matrix are | osteoblasts |
| Calcification of the organic bone matrix occurs when | complex calcium salts are deposited in the matrix. |
| Bones grow in diameter by the combined action of which two of the three bone cell types? | osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| In the epiphyseal plate, the zone of hypertrophy is in the _____ layer. | third |
| The human hand has greater dexterity than the forepaw of any animal because of the freely movable joint of the: | thumb. |
| Blood calcium levels involve secretion of which two hormones? | calcitonin and aldosterone |
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NurseTanae
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