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SCI221 Physiology
Week 5 Skeletal Structure & Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The primary ossification center of a long bone is located: | in the diaphysis. |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the epiphyses? | Cylindrical in shape |
| Bones grow in diameter by the combined action of which two of the three bone cell types? | osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| As the activity of osteoblasts increases, the: | Both B and C occur. B - amount of calcium in bone increases. C - level of calcium in the blood decreases. |
| In the epiphyseal plate, the zone of hypertrophy is in the _____ layer. | third |
| The human hand has greater dexterity than the forepaw of any animal because of the freely movable joint of the: | thumb. |
| Hematopoiesis is carried out in the: | red bone marrow. |
| Because of how the clavicle articulates with the scapula, all shoulder movements involve the sternoclavicular joint. | True |
| Before childbirth, the symphysis pubis softens. T | True |
| One similarity between the structures of the foot and hand is the equivalent degrees of movement of both the thumb and the big toe. | False |
| The cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation are: | endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. |
| An age-related skeletal disease that is characterized by loss of bone mineral density and increased bone fragility is | osteoporosis. |
| The humerus articulates proximally with the clavicle. | False |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | fontanels |
| A condition that is caused by an abnormally increased roundness in the thoracic curvature is | kyphosis |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of the diaphysis? | Provides a bulbous shape for attachment of muscle |
| Question 17 Bones act as a reservoir for which of the following minerals? | Calcium & Phosphorus both answers are right/able to choose both |
| Which of the following is not one of the primary functions performed by bones? | Hormonal production |
| The following are functions of bone except for | Support. protection. mineral storage. hematopoiesis. All of the above are functions of the bone |
| If the cribriform plate is damaged, there is a chance of: . | infectious materials passing from the nose to the brain |
| Young children’s bones have a greater risk of fracturing because of incompletely ossified bone. | False |
| An open fracture is also known as a compound fracture. | True |
| The cells responsible for active erosion of bone minerals are called: | osteoclasts. |
| In intramembranous ossification, the process of appositional growth refers to the: | addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones. |
| Normally, bone loss will begin to exceed bone gain between the ages of _____ years. | 35 and 40 |
| The humerus articulates proximally with the | scapula. |
| During childbirth, a baby passes through an imaginary plane called the: | pelvic outlet. |
| Blood calcium levels involve secretion of which two hormones? | parathyroid and calcitonin |
| After the age of 50, the density of bone: | decreases slowly because of a shift in the remodeling activity |
| Appositional growth of cartilage occurs when chondrocytes begin to divide and secrete | additional matrix |
| What is are the two types/functions of bone marrow? | Red & yellow – produces red blood cells and stores energy as fat. |
| The external portion of the bone is known as | Cortical bone |
| Bones grow due to activity in the | Epiphyseal plates |
| Which of the following is NOT CONSIDERED a long bone. | C5 Vertebral Body |
| When an astronaut is in space for 2 months what may happen to their bone density as compared to a person living on earth? | The astronaut will experience bone loss at an increased rate as a person on earth |
| Why is cartilage slow to heal. | Both A & D A - Because it is semi-solid and flexible D - Because has a no or a limited blood supply |
| Which of the following is a location in which you would find fibrous cartilage | Only C and D C - Public symphysis D - Interverbal discs |
| *picture of skeleton Select the answer that best describes the axial skeletal structure | Provides framework for muscles that anchor and stabilize the appendicular bones |
| Adipocytes, found in the yellow bone marrow, stores and releases ____________________________ for energy. | fat and triglycerides |
| Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? | protection of internal organs |
| Without red bone marrow, bones would not be able to ________. | make blood cells |
| Which of the following provide flexibility and smooth surfaces for movement? | Cartilages |
| *picture of baby skull fontenalles The fontenelles of an infant's skull consists of | fibrous membrane |
| Which statement below is correct regarding fontanelles? | The anterior and posterior fontanelles allow for overlaping of skull bones to decrease the diamiter of the fetal head at birth. Allows for brain growth. The anterior fontanelle closes at about 2 years of age. The fontanelles are fibrous membranes |
| Hematopoietic stem cells that are found in red bone marrow can develop into a variety of different blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. | True |
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DiwanaD
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