Question 1

Ad Hominem

Accepted Answer

This fallacy occurs when, instead 
of addressing someone's argument or position, you 
irrelevantly attack the person or some aspect of the 
person who is making the argument.

Question 2

Appeal to Doubtful Authority

Accepted Answer

When one uses ideas or concepts of an inexperienced person to support one's argument to enhance their authority over the audience. It is essentially a random person’s opinion that is being accepted as a professional's opinion.

Question 3

False Analogy

Accepted Answer

A type of informal fallacy or a persuasive technique in which the fact that two things are alike in one respect leads to the invalid conclusion that they must be alike in some other respect.

Question 4

Circular Reasoning

Accepted Answer

a logical fallacy in which a person attempts to prove something using circular logic; they use the conclusion as evidence to show that the reasons for the very conclusion are true.

Question 5

Begging the Question

Accepted Answer

occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it. In other words, you assume without proof the stand/position, or a significant part of the stand, that is in question. also called arguing in a circle.

Question 6

False Dilemma

Accepted Answer

a logical fallacy that presents only two options or sides when there are many options or sides. Essentially, a false dilemma presents a “black and white” kind of thinking when there are actually many shades of gray.

Question 7

Post Hoc, ergo Propter Hoc

Accepted Answer

an informal fallacy that states: "Since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X."

Question 8

Red Herring

Accepted Answer

This fallacy consists in diverting attention from the real issue by focusing instead on an issue having only a surface relevance to the first.

Question 9

Straw Man

Accepted Answer

a form of argument and an informal fallacy of having the impression of refuting an argument, whereas the real subject of the argument was not addressed or refuted, but instead replaced with a false one

Question 10

Tu quoque

Accepted Answer

is an informal fallacy that intends to discredit the opponent's argument by attacking the opponent's own personal behavior and actions as being inconsistent with their argument, therefore accusing hypocrisy.

Question 11

Slippery slope

Accepted Answer

when a course of action is rejected because, one insists that it will lead to a chain reaction resulting in an undesirable end or ends
It involves a succession of events without direct evidence that this course of events will happen

Question 12

Equivocation

Accepted Answer

Occurs when a key term or phrase in an argument is used in an ambiguous way, with one meaning in one portion of the argument and then another meaning in another portion of the argument.

Question 13

Hasty or sweeping generalization

Accepted Answer

Is committed when a rule that is generally accepted to be correct is used incorrectly in a particular instance.

Question 14

Stereotyping

Accepted Answer

Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases (specifically people) based on a sample that is inadequate

Question 15

Misleading statistic

Accepted Answer

data points or sets that lead readers to believe something that isn’t true. There are three main stages in the data analysis process where issues can occur: collection, processing, and/or presentation

Question 16

Non sequitur

Accepted Answer

(“it does not follow”) occurs when there is not even a deceptively plausible appearance of valid reasoning, because there is an obvious lack of connection between the given premises and the conclusion drawn from them

AP Eng Lang/Comp

Logical Fallacies Test

Question	Answer
Ad Hominem	This fallacy occurs when, instead of addressing someone's argument or position, you irrelevantly attack the person or some aspect of the person who is making the argument.
Appeal to Doubtful Authority	When one uses ideas or concepts of an inexperienced person to support one's argument to enhance their authority over the audience. It is essentially a random person’s opinion that is being accepted as a professional's opinion.
False Analogy	A type of informal fallacy or a persuasive technique in which the fact that two things are alike in one respect leads to the invalid conclusion that they must be alike in some other respect.
Circular Reasoning	a logical fallacy in which a person attempts to prove something using circular logic; they use the conclusion as evidence to show that the reasons for the very conclusion are true.
Begging the Question	occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it. In other words, you assume without proof the stand/position, or a significant part of the stand, that is in question. also called arguing in a circle.
False Dilemma	a logical fallacy that presents only two options or sides when there are many options or sides. Essentially, a false dilemma presents a “black and white” kind of thinking when there are actually many shades of gray.
Post Hoc, ergo Propter Hoc	an informal fallacy that states: "Since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X."
Red Herring	This fallacy consists in diverting attention from the real issue by focusing instead on an issue having only a surface relevance to the first.
Straw Man	a form of argument and an informal fallacy of having the impression of refuting an argument, whereas the real subject of the argument was not addressed or refuted, but instead replaced with a false one
Tu quoque	is an informal fallacy that intends to discredit the opponent's argument by attacking the opponent's own personal behavior and actions as being inconsistent with their argument, therefore accusing hypocrisy.
Slippery slope	when a course of action is rejected because, one insists that it will lead to a chain reaction resulting in an undesirable end or ends It involves a succession of events without direct evidence that this course of events will happen
Equivocation	Occurs when a key term or phrase in an argument is used in an ambiguous way, with one meaning in one portion of the argument and then another meaning in another portion of the argument.
Hasty or sweeping generalization	Is committed when a rule that is generally accepted to be correct is used incorrectly in a particular instance.
Stereotyping	Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases (specifically people) based on a sample that is inadequate
Misleading statistic	data points or sets that lead readers to believe something that isn’t true. There are three main stages in the data analysis process where issues can occur: collection, processing, and/or presentation
Non sequitur	(“it does not follow”) occurs when there is not even a deceptively plausible appearance of valid reasoning, because there is an obvious lack of connection between the given premises and the conclusion drawn from them

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