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J.Andrus StudyStack1
J.Andrus Nightingale College Physiology Weeks 1-7; Study Stack 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory | Concept proposed more than 100 years ago that all living organisms are made up of biological units called cells |
| Macromolecule | Large, complex chemical made of combinations of molecules |
| Matrix | Extracellular substance of the tissue; for example, a matrix of bone is calcified, whereas that of blood is liquid |
| Medullary | Relating to the middle or center of an organ or structure |
| Metabolism | Complex, intertwining set of chemical processes by which life is made possible for a living organism |
| Atrophy | Wasting away of tissue; decrease in size of the part; sometimes referred to as disuse atrophy |
| Ectomorph | Thin, lean body type |
| Endomorph | Body type characterized by excessive fat |
| Mesomorph | Body type characterized by muscular build |
| Somatotype | Classification of body type determined on the basis of certain physical characteristics |
| Set Point | Normal reading or range of normal |
| Stimulus | Excitant or irritating agent that induces a response |
| Fungus | Organism similar to plants but lacking chlorophyll and capable of producing mycotic infections |
| Prion | "proteinaceous infectious particles”; proteins that convert normal proteins of the nervous system into abnormal proteins, causing loss of nervous system function |
| Protozoan | Single-celled organism with a nucleus and other membranous organelles that can infect humans |
| Virus | Microscopic, intracellular parasite entity consisting of a nucleic acid bound by a protein coat and sometimes a lipoprotein envelope |
| Hemoglobin | Iron containing protein in red blood cells responsible for their oxygen-carrying capacity |
| Necrosis | Death of cells in a tissue, often resulting from ischemia |
| Osteoblast | Bone forming cell |
| Osteoclast | Bone absorbing cell |
| Osteocyte | Bone cell |
| Osteon | Unit of compact bone tissue made up of a tapered cylinder with layered, concentric arrangements of calcified matrix and cells around a central canal for nerves and blood vessels |
| Trabecula | Tiny branch like threads in a tissue such as the beams of spongy (cancellous) bone, that surround network of spaces |
| Osteogenesis | Combined action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to mold bones into adult shape |
| Osteoporosis | Bone disorder characterized by loss of minerals and collagen from bone matrix, reducing the volume and strength of skeletal bone |
| Ligament | Band of white fibrous tissue, connecting bones to other bones |
| Aponeurosis | Broad, flat sheet of connective tissue |
| Fascia | General name for fibrous connective tissue masses located throughout the body |
| Myoglobin | Large protein molecule in the sarcoplasm of muscle cells that attracts oxygen and holds it temporarily |
| Peristalsis | Wavelike rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestines that move food material along the digestive tract |
| Sarcolemma | Plasma membrane of striated muscle fiber |
| Sarcoplasm | Cytoplasm of muscle fibers |
| Troponin | In sliding filament theory of muscle cell contraction, the molecule spaced at intervals along the thin filament that blocks troponin when the myofilament is at rest |
| Glia | Not excitable supporting cells of the nervous tissue; formally called neuroglia |
| Myelin | Lipoprotein substance in the myelin sheath around many nerve fibers that contributes to high-speed connectivity of impulses |
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