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ThereseAngelouFullon
SCI 221-09 Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | The relatively constant states maintained by the body- internal environment around the body cells remain constant. |
| Feedback loops | -Communication network for maintaining homeostasis by self-regulation -Afferent communication goes toward a control center -Efferent communication goes away from a control center |
| Basic Component of control mechanism | -sensor mechanism- sensors direct and react to changes -integrating or control center- information is analyzed and integrated and then action is started -effector mechanism directly controlled physiological variables |
| Negative feedback in contol systems | -inhibitory- changes in variable- stabilize and produce action -maintain homeostasis -more common than positive feedback -stimulus/response |
| Positive Feedback control systems | -stimulatory -can bring specific body functions to swift completion - can result in damage if not working properly |
| Changing the set point | set points can change. not all set points are the same so "normal" is a range |
| Feed-forward | when the formation flows ahead to another process or feedback loop to trigger a change un event |
| Intracellular control | regulation within the cells genes and enzymes can regulate cell process |
| Intrinsic control | regulation within tissues and organs may involve chemical or built in mechanisms |
| Extrinsic control | regulation from organ to organ may involve nerve signals and endocrine signaling |
| Organic molecules | molecules that contain C-C or C-H bonds with functional groups like free radicals and functional groups that confer with chemical properties |
| Carbohydrates | organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen called sugars. and starches |
| Monoscaacrides | simple sugars with short carbon chains |
| Disaccharides and Polysaccharides | di (two) poly (more) simple sugars that are bonded together through dehydration synthesis. |
| Lipids | water soluble molecules that are critically important biological compounds. Energy source, structural role, important part of a cell membrane |
| Triglycerides | most abundant source of energy. the building blocks of triglycerides are glycerol and fatty acids. |
| Phospholipids | lipid compounds similar to triglycerides one end is hydrophilic and the other end is hydrophobic. |
| Prostoglandins | main tissue hormones released response to a specific stimulus.. |
| Protiens | abundant organic compound chain like polymer kept together by peptide bonds |
| Amino Acids | building block of proteins. 8 essential amino acids, 13 nonessential amino acids. Made of a carbon atom and a functional group |
| Levels of protien strucure | organized and show a relationship between structural and functional. |
| DNA | made if deoxyribonucleotides that is structural units made of pentose and sugars. Made of two long chains. Alternating phosphate and deoxyribose |
| RNA | composed of pentose sugars, phosphate group, and nitrogen base |
| Nucleotides | stored energy in ATP |
| Membrane transport | can move directly through the phospholipid bilayer. others move through by transport proteins through the membrane by size, shape, or charges. |
| Passive transport | don't require energy. diffusion, simple diffusion, osmosis |
| Facilitated diffusion. | movement of molecules is made more efficient by action transporters. |
| Channel meditated transport | Channels specific, gated channels may be opened or closed, aquaporins. |
| Role of the transport process | channels and carriers allow membranes to be selective permeable one-way transporters may determine the direction ot transport. |
Created by:
Tcfullon
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