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bio - chpt 12

TermDefinition
a characteristic that can be observed, such as hair color, flower color, plant height, ect. phenotype
the joining of a sperm and egg to make a zygote fertilization
describes an allele that is masks another allele for a trait dominant
describes an allele that is masked by another allele for a trait recessive
the branch of bio that studies how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring genetics
the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring heredity
an alternative choice for a gene (such as tall or short, brown or blue) allele
describes an individual with 2 of the same allele for a trait homozygous
the portion of a chromosome that codes for a particular trait gene
chromosomes with the same size, shape, and genes homologous chromosome
describes an individual with 2 different alleles for a trait heterozygous
the genetic makeup of an individual, such as Rr genotype
having one copy of each chromosome haploid
the special cell division that produces haploid gametes meiosis
having 2 copies of each chromosome diploid
sex cells gamete
DOMINANT alleles are represented by a lower case letter (T/F) False, recessive
mendel's LAW OF FERTILIZATION explains why alleles end up in different gametes following meiosis (T/F) false, law of segregation
the number of chromosomes in human body cells equals 46 (T/F) true
Mendel studied FRUIT FLIES to develop the basic laws of genetics (T/F) false, pea plants
when pollen from one flower is transferred to another flower, this is called SELF POLLINATION (T/F) false, cross pollination
Hh is an example of a HETEROZYGOUS genotype (T/F) true
the 4 phenotypes for human blood are A, B, AB, and O (T/F) true
If 2 parents who are heterozygous for a trait have children, we would expect 50% of them to have the dominant trait (T/F) false, 25%
The number of chromosomes in a human sperm or egg is 23 (T/F) true
crossing organisms from the F1 generation produces the - generation F2
crossing organisms from the P1 generation created the - generation F1
mendel's factors are now called - genes
what pattern did mendel see when crossing pure-breeding tall with pure-breeding short pea plants all the F1 offspring were tall, but 25% of the of the F2 generation were short and 75% were tall
what is formed as a result of meiosis 4 genetically different cells
an organism with the genotype DD for a trait is homozygous dominant
pollen is produced by the - part of the flower male
the human diploid number is 46
inheritance controls traits such as skin color, hair color, and eye color polygenic trait
a genetic cross which examines the inheritance of 2 separate traits at a time dihybrid cross
human blood types have 3 different alleles, which is an example of - multiple alleles
when 2 alleles are both expressed in the heterozygote, bc neither is dominant over the other codominance
incomplete dominance when the hybrid is intermediate between 2 homozygous forms, like RR=red Rr= pink rr= white
genetic cross which examines the inheritance of a single trait monohybrid cross
a trait which is determined by the presence of one allele simple dominant
if a trait appears more in males than it does females its known as - sex-linked
a trait determined by the presence of 2 alleles has this type of inheritance simple recessive
chromosome number is reduced from 2n to 1n telophase I
2 sister chromatids begin to separate anaphase II
homologous chromosomes become visible and form pairs prophase I
DNA is replicated interphase
homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equator metaphase I
homologous chromosome pairs separate anaphase 1
Created by: sf321
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