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a characteristic that can be observed, such as hair color, flower color, plant height, ect.
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the joining of a sperm and egg to make a zygote
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bio - chpt 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| a characteristic that can be observed, such as hair color, flower color, plant height, ect. | phenotype |
| the joining of a sperm and egg to make a zygote | fertilization |
| describes an allele that is masks another allele for a trait | dominant |
| describes an allele that is masked by another allele for a trait | recessive |
| the branch of bio that studies how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring | genetics |
| the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring | heredity |
| an alternative choice for a gene (such as tall or short, brown or blue) | allele |
| describes an individual with 2 of the same allele for a trait | homozygous |
| the portion of a chromosome that codes for a particular trait | gene |
| chromosomes with the same size, shape, and genes | homologous chromosome |
| describes an individual with 2 different alleles for a trait | heterozygous |
| the genetic makeup of an individual, such as Rr | genotype |
| having one copy of each chromosome | haploid |
| the special cell division that produces haploid gametes | meiosis |
| having 2 copies of each chromosome | diploid |
| sex cells | gamete |
| DOMINANT alleles are represented by a lower case letter (T/F) | False, recessive |
| mendel's LAW OF FERTILIZATION explains why alleles end up in different gametes following meiosis (T/F) | false, law of segregation |
| the number of chromosomes in human body cells equals 46 (T/F) | true |
| Mendel studied FRUIT FLIES to develop the basic laws of genetics (T/F) | false, pea plants |
| when pollen from one flower is transferred to another flower, this is called SELF POLLINATION (T/F) | false, cross pollination |
| Hh is an example of a HETEROZYGOUS genotype (T/F) | true |
| the 4 phenotypes for human blood are A, B, AB, and O (T/F) | true |
| If 2 parents who are heterozygous for a trait have children, we would expect 50% of them to have the dominant trait (T/F) | false, 25% |
| The number of chromosomes in a human sperm or egg is 23 (T/F) | true |
| crossing organisms from the F1 generation produces the - generation | F2 |
| crossing organisms from the P1 generation created the - generation | F1 |
| mendel's factors are now called - | genes |
| what pattern did mendel see when crossing pure-breeding tall with pure-breeding short pea plants | all the F1 offspring were tall, but 25% of the of the F2 generation were short and 75% were tall |
| what is formed as a result of meiosis | 4 genetically different cells |
| an organism with the genotype DD for a trait is | homozygous dominant |
| pollen is produced by the - part of the flower | male |
| the human diploid number is | 46 |
| inheritance controls traits such as skin color, hair color, and eye color | polygenic trait |
| a genetic cross which examines the inheritance of 2 separate traits at a time | dihybrid cross |
| human blood types have 3 different alleles, which is an example of - | multiple alleles |
| when 2 alleles are both expressed in the heterozygote, bc neither is dominant over the other | codominance |
| incomplete dominance | when the hybrid is intermediate between 2 homozygous forms, like RR=red Rr= pink rr= white |
| genetic cross which examines the inheritance of a single trait | monohybrid cross |
| a trait which is determined by the presence of one allele | simple dominant |
| if a trait appears more in males than it does females its known as - | sex-linked |
| a trait determined by the presence of 2 alleles has this type of inheritance | simple recessive |
| chromosome number is reduced from 2n to 1n | telophase I |
| 2 sister chromatids begin to separate | anaphase II |
| homologous chromosomes become visible and form pairs | prophase I |
| DNA is replicated | interphase |
| homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equator | metaphase I |
| homologous chromosome pairs separate | anaphase 1 |
Created by:
sf321
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