bio - chpt 12
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| a characteristic that can be observed, such as hair color, flower color, plant height, ect. | phenotype
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| the joining of a sperm and egg to make a zygote | fertilization
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| describes an allele that is masks another allele for a trait | dominant
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| describes an allele that is masked by another allele for a trait | recessive
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| the branch of bio that studies how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring | genetics
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| the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring | heredity
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| an alternative choice for a gene (such as tall or short, brown or blue) | allele
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| describes an individual with 2 of the same allele for a trait | homozygous
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| the portion of a chromosome that codes for a particular trait | gene
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| chromosomes with the same size, shape, and genes | homologous chromosome
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| describes an individual with 2 different alleles for a trait | heterozygous
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| the genetic makeup of an individual, such as Rr | genotype
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| having one copy of each chromosome | haploid
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| the special cell division that produces haploid gametes | meiosis
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| having 2 copies of each chromosome | diploid
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| sex cells | gamete
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| DOMINANT alleles are represented by a lower case letter (T/F) | False, recessive
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| mendel's LAW OF FERTILIZATION explains why alleles end up in different gametes following meiosis (T/F) | false, law of segregation
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| the number of chromosomes in human body cells equals 46 (T/F) | true
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| Mendel studied FRUIT FLIES to develop the basic laws of genetics (T/F) | false, pea plants
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| when pollen from one flower is transferred to another flower, this is called SELF POLLINATION (T/F) | false, cross pollination
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| Hh is an example of a HETEROZYGOUS genotype (T/F) | true
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| the 4 phenotypes for human blood are A, B, AB, and O (T/F) | true
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| If 2 parents who are heterozygous for a trait have children, we would expect 50% of them to have the dominant trait (T/F) | false, 25%
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| The number of chromosomes in a human sperm or egg is 23 (T/F) | true
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| crossing organisms from the F1 generation produces the - generation | F2
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| crossing organisms from the P1 generation created the - generation | F1
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| mendel's factors are now called - | genes
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| what pattern did mendel see when crossing pure-breeding tall with pure-breeding short pea plants | all the F1 offspring were tall, but 25% of the of the F2 generation were short and 75% were tall
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| what is formed as a result of meiosis | 4 genetically different cells
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| an organism with the genotype DD for a trait is | homozygous dominant
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| pollen is produced by the - part of the flower | male
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| the human diploid number is | 46
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| inheritance controls traits such as skin color, hair color, and eye color | polygenic trait
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| a genetic cross which examines the inheritance of 2 separate traits at a time | dihybrid cross
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| human blood types have 3 different alleles, which is an example of - | multiple alleles
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| when 2 alleles are both expressed in the heterozygote, bc neither is dominant over the other | codominance
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| incomplete dominance | when the hybrid is intermediate between 2 homozygous forms, like RR=red Rr= pink rr= white
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| genetic cross which examines the inheritance of a single trait | monohybrid cross
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| a trait which is determined by the presence of one allele | simple dominant
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| if a trait appears more in males than it does females its known as - | sex-linked
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| a trait determined by the presence of 2 alleles has this type of inheritance | simple recessive
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| chromosome number is reduced from 2n to 1n | telophase I
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| 2 sister chromatids begin to separate | anaphase II
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| homologous chromosomes become visible and form pairs | prophase I
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| DNA is replicated | interphase
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| homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equator | metaphase I
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| homologous chromosome pairs separate | anaphase 1
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