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Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility |
| 2. the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| 3. ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| 4. ability to recoil to their original resting length | elasticity |
| 5. connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscle | epimysium |
| 6. surrounds and separates muscles | fascia |
| 7. surrounds fascicle bundles | perimysium |
| 8. makes up fascicles | muscle fibers |
| 9. surrounds fibers | endomysium |
| 10. threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | myofibrils |
| 11. thin myofilaments | actin myofilaments |
| 12. thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
| 13. forms myosin and actin myofilaments | sarcomeres |
| 14. when a muscle cell is stimulated | action potential |
| 15. when a muscle cell isn't stimulated | resting potential |
| 16. nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| 17. when axons enter the muscles and branch. each branch that connects to the muscle forms a: | neuromuscular junction/synapse |
| 18. single motor neuron and all skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called a | motor unit |
| 19. enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| 20. space between the terminal and the muscle | synaptic cleft/postsynaptic terminal |
| 21. the sliding of actin myofilaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| 22. contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or muscle fibers | muscle twitch |
| 23. fast twitch | muscles with fast actions but fatigue easily |
| 24. slow twitch | muscles with slower actions that fatigue slowly |
| 25. level where a muscle fiber will respond to stimulus | threshold |
| 26. lag phase | time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| 27. contraction phase | time of contraction |
| 28. relaxation phase | time when the muscle relaxes |
| 29. tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| 30.the increase in the number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| 31. what is needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP |
| 32. where is ATP produced | mitochondria |
| 33. what is ADP | Adenosine Phosphate |
| 34. the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose | oxygen debt |
| 35. isometric | equal distance |
| 36. isotonic | equal tension |
| 37. constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| 38. results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced | muscle fatigue |
| 39. most stationary end of the muscle | origin |
| 40. the most movement of the muscle takes place here | insertion |
| 41. portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion and the insertion | belly |
| 42. muscles that work together to complete certain movements | synergists |
| 43. muscles that will work in opposition to one another | antagonist |
| 44. mastication | chewing |
| 45. occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| 46. orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in th eskin at the lateral corners of the eye |
| 47. orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| 48. buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| 50. kissing muscles | buccinator and orbicularis oris |
| 51. zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| 52. levator labii superioris | sneering |
| 53. depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| 54. intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shapeof the tongue |
| 55. extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| 56. sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover. rotates and abducts the head |
| 57. platysma | sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck. its action is to pull the corners of the mouth inferiorly, producing a downward sag of the mouth |
| 58. erector spine | group of muscles on each side of the back. responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect |
| 59. muscles involved in breathing | external and internal intercostals |
| 60. external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| 61. internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| 62. accomplishes quiet breathing. dome-shaped muscle. aids in breathing | diaphragm |
| 63. trapezius | rotates scapula |
| 64. serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| 65. pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| 66. latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
| 67. deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb |
| 68. triceps brachii | extends the forearm. occupies the posterior compartment of the arm |
| 69. biceps brachii | flexes the forearm. occupies the anterior compartment of the arm |
| 70. brachialis | flexes forearm |
| 71. flexes and supinates the forearms | brachioradialis |
| 72. retinaculum | strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons |
| 73. flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| 74. extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| 75. flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
Created by:
Lsnelso1
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