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R&J lit terms
test on monday
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| blank verse | unrhymed iambic pentameter. Shakespeare’s plays are written in blank verse. |
| iambic pentameter | unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable (5 in a line) |
| sonnet | a 14-line poem consisting of 3 quatrains and a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab, cdcd, efef, gg. Both Prologues are in the form of a sonnet and there is an embedded sonnet when Romeo and Juliet meet. “If I profane with my unworthiest hand” (1.5) |
| rhyming couplet | two lines that rhyme. English sonnets end in a rhyming couplet which serves as the resolution of the poem. |
| oxymoron | two words put together that have opposing or very diverse meanings “O brawling love! O loving hate!” “O heavy lightness! Serious vanity!” |
| personification | an inanimate object or concept is given the qualities of a person “Come gentle night, come, loving, black-brow’d night.” |
| pun | a humorous play on words Mercutio- “Nay, gentle Romeo, we must have you dance.” Romeo- “Not I, believe me. You have dancing shoes/ With nimble soles; I have a soul of lead.” (1.4) |
| foreshadowing | a reference to something that will happen later in the story In the Prologue to Act 1, the Chorus foreshadows the violence of the feud “as civil blood makes civil hands unclean.” |
| allusion | a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance. Allusions to Greek/Roman mythology, the Bible, and the works of Shakespeare are common. |
| classical allusion | allusions to Greek and Roman mythology |
| light/dark imagery | sensory details (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing) Romeo uses imagery to describe Juliet’s beauty when he says, “So shows a dove trooping with crows/ As yonder lady o’er her fellows shows.” (1.5) |
| night/day symbolism- | he contrast between light and dark, often in terms of night/day imagery. Light is not always good, and dark is not always evil. “More light and light, more dark and dark our woes.” (3.5) |
| archetypal imagery | imagery involving celestial bodies such heavens, stars, planets, the sun, and the moon. “Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven/ Having some business do entreat her eyes.” (2.2) |
| anaphora | repetition of words or phrases in successive lines. ‘O’er lawyers’ fingers, who straight dream on fees; O’er ladies lips, who straight on kisses dream,’ (1.4.73–4) ‘And then dreams he of smelling out a suit; |
| symbolism | an object or word that represents something abstract- a heart shape symbolizes love |
| hyperbole | exaggeration for emphasis or humorous effect Act 2 scene 2 that her “bounty is as boundless as the sea. My love as deep/ For both are infinite.” |
| dramatic irony | when the words and actions of the characters have a different meaning for the reader than they do for the characters since the reader knows something that the characters do not. |
| situational irony | Situational irony occurs when the final outcome is contradictory to what was expected. |
| paradox | a statement that might seem to contradict itself, but is nevertheless true; for example, “less is more.” |
| metaphor | an implied comparison between two unlike things Romeo says “It is the east and Juliet is the sun.” |
| monologue | a long, uninterrupted speech presented in front of other characters. Mercutio’s “Queen Mab” speech is a monologue. “O, then I see Queen Mab hath been with you.” (Act I scene 4) |
| simile | a direct comparison of unlike things using “like” or “as” In Act 2 Scene 6, Friar Lawrence warns Romeo about being too passionate too soon. |
| foil | a character who sets off another character by contrast Benvolio and Tybalt are foils and so are Romeo and Paris. |
| metonymy | a figure of speech that substitutes one term with another that is being associated with term. “Thou and my bosom henceforth shall be twain.” Her bosom (her heart) is used to represent Juliet’s true feelings |
| apostrophe | Calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or to a personified abstract idea. Example: “O world, I cannot hold thee close enough!” –Edna St. Vincent Millay |
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