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DHYG Bacteria
Dreaded Bacterias
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gram positive cocci responsible for strep throat, tonsillitis and rheumatic fever | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Gram positive cocci responsible for Infective endocarditis | Streptococcus sanguis (Streptococcus viridans group |
| Gram positive cocci responsible for dental caries | Streptococcus mutans |
| Acid-fast bacilli responsible for Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Bacteria responsible for Syphilis | Treponema pallidum |
| Leukocytes that are granulocytes (3) | Basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils |
| Leukocytes that are agranulocytes | lymphocytes and monocytes |
| Immunity generated by b-lymphocyte production & release of antibodies into the blood. Defends mostly against bacteria, toxins and viruses. | Humoral |
| Type of immunity that stimulates T-lymphocytes to activate a variety of T-cells to respond to antigens. Defends against bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, helminths and cancer cells | Cell-mediated immunityImm |
| Immunity that is produces antibodies due to an exposure to an antigen. | Acquired-Natural Active |
| Immunity that is passed on from mom to infant | Acquired -Natural Passive |
| Immunity via vaccination with killed, inactivated or attenuated microorganisms or toxoid | Acquired -Artificial Active |
| Immunity acquired via injection of immune serum or g-globulin | Acquired - Artificial PassiveA pro |
| A protein that is produced as a result of the introduction of an antigen and has the ability to combine with the antigen that stimulated its production. | Antibody (Ab) |
| A substance that can induce a detectable immune response when introduced into an animal | Antigen (Ag) |
| A factor such as a lymphokine or monokine produced by cells that affect other cells (lymphocytes and macrophage) they include interleukins and interferons | Cytokine |
| Most numerous Ig and the only one to cross placental barriers | IgG |
| First Ig to appear in immune response | IgM |
| Ig in external secretions, (tears, bile, saliva, urine) | IgA |
| Ig that is thought activate the B-cell | IgD |
| Ig that is important in immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions and parasitic infections | IgE |
| Cells that activate macrophages and cytotoxic & other T-cells | TH1 (helper) |
| Cells that activates B-cells to secrete immunoglobulin | TH2 (helper) |
| Which bacteria is responsible for candidiasis and what are the predisposing factors for this condition. | C. Albicans; diabetes, pregnancy, obesity, vitamin deficiency use of broad spectrum antibiotic and immunocompromised |
| How do you contract Hep A? Chronic liver damage? | ingestion of contaminated food, ice or water, no liver damage |
| How do you contract Hep B? Chronic liver damage? | blood or other body fluids, chronic liver damage |
| How do you contract Hep C? Chronic liver damage? | blood or other body fluids, chronic liver damage |
| How do you contract Hep D? Liver Damage? | This is a super infection and host must already be infected with chronic Hep B, Severe liver damage & high mortality rate |
| How do you contract Hep E, liver damage? | contaminated drinking water, no liver damage |
| How do you contract Hep G, liver damage? | bloodborne & co-infection with Hep C, no chronic liver damage |
| Anti-HAV means what? | your body has an antibody to HAV, meaning acute or resolved infection |
| HBsAg | HB surface antigen/Surface marker in acute disease and carrier state |
| HBeAg | Hepatitis B e antigen/ High-titer HBV in serum indicates high infectivity, persists into carrier state |
| HBcAg | Hep B core antigen, indicates acute, chronic or resolved Hep B infection |
| If any of the Hepatitis virus names contain IgM, what is indicated? | Including IgM into the Hepatitis infection indicates recent infection. |
| Anti-HAV means what? | your body has an antibody to HAV, meaning acute or resolved infection |
| HBsAg | HB surface antigen/Surface marker in acute disease and carrier state |
| HBeAg | Hepatitis B e antigen/ High-titer HBV in serum indicates high infectivity, persists into carrier state |
| HBcAg | Hep B core antigen, indicates acute, chronic or resolved Hep B infection |
| If any of the Hepatitis virus names contain IgM, what is indicated? | Including IgM into the Hepatitis infection indicates recent infection. |
| Name the lesions that correspond to the stages of syphilis. | Primary-Chancre highly contagious, Secondary-mucous patch, highly contagious, Tertiary - Guma, not contagiousWhat |
| What facultative anaerobic streptococci is dominate on the lips or vestibule? | Streptococcus vestibularis |
| What bacteria is found on the hard palate? | Actinomyces spp. and Streptococcus spp |
| What bacteria is found on the buccal mucosa? | S. oralis and S. mitis, and fewer are S. sanguis |
| what bacteria is found on the tongue? | Predominantly S. oralis, S. mitis, and Streptococcus salivarius Stomatococcus mucilagenosus is found exclusively on the tongue |
| which increased bacteria lead to halitosis due to an increase in VSC? | Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Treponema spp. |
| What bacteria is found on pits and fissures? | S. mutans and A. naeslundii |
| What bacteria is found in interproximal surfaces? | A. naeslundii, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus spp., Veillonella spp., and Prevotella spp. Majority of streptococci are S. sanguis |
| What are the drugs of choice for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis? | Isoniazid + rifampin ± pyrazinamide |
| what antifungal agent would you give for an infection involving Candida | Nystatin |
| what bacteria can become more abundant with denture wear, mucosa and malnutrition. | (C. albicans) |
| what bacteria increases when sugar content is high in the diet? | Lactobacilli |
| What bacteria predominate in early gingivitis? | Actinomyces organisms predominate for gram + gram - is the prevotella group |
| Hormones, Diabetes, leukemic, drug induced gingival enlargement and poor nutrition are systemic factors that modify what sort of gingival disease? | plaque induced |
| What is the predominate bacteria in NUG? | P. intermedia, spirochetes, and fusiform bacteria |
| What is the predominate bacteria in NUP? | C. albicans, Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis |
| What is the predominate bacteria in chronic perio ? (includes all levels from slight to advanced) | P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, Eubacterium spp., F. nucleatum, spirochetes, Tannerella forsythensis (formerly Bacteroides forsythus), and Campylobacter rectus |
| What is the principal bacteria in Aggressive perio? | Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, Capnocytophaga sputigena |
| What is the principal bacteria in Prepubertal and juvenile perio? | Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans |
| What are the 4 clinically distinct forms of candidiasis? | Pseudomembranous candidiasis, erythematous candidiasis, angular chelitis, hyperplastic candidiasis |
| What virus is responsible for hand-foot& mouth disease as well as herpangina? | coxsackievirus |
| What virus would give you primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, as well as recurrent herpes? | Human herpevirus 1 or 2 |
| what virus would give you hairy leukoplakia? | Human herpevirus 4 (epstein barr) |
| What virus gives you the chickenpox and later on maybe shingles? | Human herpevirus 3 (varicella-zoster) |
| What virus gives you mono | Human herpevirus 4 (epstein barr) |
| what category of chemical destroys all microorganisms, including high numbers of bacterial spores | Sterilant |
| what category of chemical destroys all microorganisms, but not necessarily high numbers of bacterial spores | high level disinfectant |
| what category of chemical destroys vegetative bacteria, most fungi, and most viruses; inactivates Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis | intermediate level disinfectant |
| what category of chemical destroys vegetative bacteria, some fungi and viruses; does not inactivate M. tuberculosis var. bovis | low level disinfectant |
| Glutaraldehyde, glutaraldehydephenate, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide with peracetic acid, peracetic acid are examples of what category of chemical? | Sterilant |
| orthophthaldehyde is an example of what level of disintectant? | High level |
| EPA-registered hospital disinfectant† with label claim of tuberculocidal activity (e.g., chlorine-based products, phenolics, iodophors, quaternary ammonium compounds with alcohol, bromides) are members of what level of disinfectant? | Intermediate level |
| EPA-registered hospital disinfectant with no label claim of tuberculocidal activity (e.g., quaternary ammonium compounds) is what level of disinfectant? | low-level |
Created by:
aheflin
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