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ES 208 Test 1
Skeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| skeletal system | bones, cartilage, joints |
| Function of the skeletal system | support, protect, movement/levers, mineral storage, hematopoiesis |
| Two bone types | spongy and compact |
| Spongy Bone | Layer of bone tissue that has many small spaces and is found just inside the layer of compact bone. Filled with red bone marrow |
| Compact Bone | Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone. Consists of osteons and osteocytes |
| Structure of typical bone | articulation cartilage, epiphyses, epipheseal line |
| Articulation cartilage | consists of hyaline cartilage covering the end of the bone surface where it articulates with another bone |
| epiphesis | the end part of a long bone |
| epipheseal line | remnant of the epiphyseal plate, seen in adult bones |
| Periosteum | tough outer connective tissue on bone |
| endosperm | connective tissue covering inside of bone cavities |
| Osteoclasts | Bone-destroying cells |
| Osteoblasts | bone forming cells |
| Osteocytes | mature bone cells (spider-shaped) maintain bone tissue |
| bone matrix | organic and inorganic minerals that provide strength to compact bone; organic components include collagen, glycoproteins, and other peptides; inorganic components include calcium, phosphate, and hydroxide ions (in hydroxyapatite) |
| yellow bone marrow | fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones |
| red bone marrow | in axial skeleton, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and epiphysis of femur and humerus; hematopoietically active |
| cervical vertebrae | C1-C7 |
| thoracic vertebrae | T1-T12 |
| lumbar vertebrae | L1-L5 |
| Sacrum | 5 fused vertebrae at base of spine |
| Coccyx | 3-5 vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone |
| jugular notch | between clavicles |
| sternal angle | Ridge between manubrium and body at second rib |
| Ribs 1-7 | true ribs attach directly to the sternum |
| Ribs 8-10 | free ribs not connected to sternum |
| Ribs 11-12 | floating ribs, not articulated to anything |
| Rib 1 | articulates with C7 and T1 |
| Rib 2 | articulates with T1 and T2 |
| Tear in disc | fluid mashes into spinal cord |
| costovertebral joints | articulation of rib to vertebrae |
| Atlantooccipital | Skull sitting on C1 |
| Atlantoaxial | C1 sitting on C2 (this causes left to right movement) |
| hyaline cartilage | Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose |
| External Occipital Exuberance | bump in back of head |
| external auditory meatus | ear hole |
| mastoid process | bump behind ear |
| Condole of mandible | where mandible articulates to skull |
| temporomandibular joint | where the mandible is attached to the skull |
| Foremen Magnum | where spinal cord emerges from the skull and enters vertebral column |
Created by:
bvezzose3
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