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2.2 and 2.3 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alleles | One or two or more alternative forms of a gene the come by mutation. Are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
| autosomes | A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| benign | of a disease is not harmful in effect. |
| centromere | The region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore during cell vision. |
| chromatid | each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides during cell division. |
| chromosome | A threadlike structure of nucleic and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information. |
| deletion mutation | A type of mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA. |
| DNA | DNA is a complex, long-chained molecule that contains the genetic blueprints for building and maintaining all living organisms. |
| dominant allele | A relationship between two versions of a gene |
| eukaryotic | Red blood cell |
| Familial Hypercholesterolemia | A genetic disorder that affects about 1 in 250 people and increases the likelihood of having coronary heart disease at a younger age. |
| frameshift mutation | insertions or deletions of nucleotides in the coding region resulting in an altered sequence of amino acids at the translation of the codons |
| gene | The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child. |
| genome | the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell |
| genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism. |
| gestational diabetes | a type of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy in women who don't already have diabetes. |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes. |
| homologous chromosomes | Two chromosomes in a pair – normally one inherited from the mother and one from the father. |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes. |
| insertion mutation | A type of genetic change that involves the addition of a segment of DNA. |
| karyotype | an individual's complete set of chromosomes. |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | a medical examination performed using magnetic resonance imaging. |
| malignant | A term used to describe cancer. |
| meiosis | a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) | genetic material that tells your body how to make proteins. |
| metastasis | the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer. |
| mitosis | a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells |
| mutation | he changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, |
| Nondisjunction | the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids |
| nucleotides | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. |
| pedigree | the record of descent of an animal, showing it to be purebred. |
| phenotype | the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
| plan of care | a presentation of information that easily describes the services and support being given to a person. |
| point mutation | a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence. |
| polymerase chain reaction | a laboratory technique for rapidly producing (amplifying) millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA, |
| prognosis | The likely outcome or course of a disease; the chance of recovery or recurrence. |
| protein | A molecule made up of amino acids. |
| protein synthesis | Protein synthesis is the creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes. |
| punnett square | a table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given. |
| recessive allele | A type of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual. |
| restriction enzyme | an enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria, having the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases. |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | Ribonucleic acid (abbreviated RNA) is a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA. |
| sex chromosomes | A sex chromosome is a type of chromosome involved in sex determination. Humans and most other mammals have two sex chromosomes, X and Y, Females have two X chromosomes in their cells, while males have one X and one Y. |
| silent mutation | occur when the change of a single DNA nucleotide within a protein-coding portion of a gene does not affect the sequence of amino acids that make up the gene's protein. |
| ultrasound imaging | Ultrasound imaging (sonography) uses high-frequency sound waves to view inside the body. |
Created by:
Aeris Cornwell
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